νῦν

See also: νυν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

νυν (nun), νυ (nu) — enclitic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate with Lithuanian nù (“now, well now”), Latin num (“now”), Latin nunc (“now, soon, today, nowadays”), Sanskrit नु, नू (nu, nū, “now”), Proto-Germanic *nu (English now) and Albanian nu.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /nŷːn/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /nyn/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /nyn/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /nyn/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /nin/

Adverb

νῦν • (nûn)

(of time) now, at this time
Νῦν δὲ ἄκουσόν μου!
Nûn dè ákousón mou!
Now listen to me!

Νῦν καὶ ἀεί.
Nûn kaì aeí.
For ever and ever.
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.272
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.68
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.105
- 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 5.4
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1069A.26
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.6
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 174
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 141E
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 351
- 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 16
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1295
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 218A.6
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 152C
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.30
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 46.34
- 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 17.110
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.104
- 430 BCE, Euripides, Herakles' Children 641
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.101
- 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 133
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 506E
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.42
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians 31.2
- New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 24:25
1. (of the recent past) just now
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.439
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.772
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.43
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 84
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.48
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 341C
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 13
2. (constrasting what might have been) as it is, as it stands
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.166
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.126
  - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 384B
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 195
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.4.24
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.17
(not of time, often enclitic)
1. (used to strengthen or hasten a command, call, etc.)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.115
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.485
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 82
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 1001
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 149
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 724
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 467
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 430
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 316
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1056
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 381
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 87
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 644
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.21
  - 500 BCE – 400 BCE, Bacchylides, Collected Works 18.8
2. (used to strengthen a question)
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.373
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.414
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.31
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 6.125
  - 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, On Peculiar Style 2.39
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.485
  - 1 CE – 200 CE, Aelius Herodianus, On Peculiar Style 2.27
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
  - 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.664
  - 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 82
  - 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 242
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 705
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 324
  - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 414
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 758
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 922
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 87
  - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 92
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 468
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1333
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1177
  - 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 56

Descendants

Greek: νυν (nyn)

References

“νῦν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“νῦν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“νῦν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
νῦν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
νῦν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“νῦν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G3568 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- as idem, page 42.
- just idem, page 466.
- lately idem, page 478.
- newly idem, page 557.
- now idem, page 562.
- present idem, page 636.
- recently idem, page 678.
- time idem, page 875.