πτάρνυμαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presumably imitative or from a Proto-Indo-European root connected to Polish kichać, Russian чихать (čixatʹ), Lithuanian čiáudėti, Sanskrit क्षु (kṣu), Breton strevia and Latin sternuo (“I sneeze”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ptár.ny.mai̯/ → /ˈptar.ny.mɛ/ → /ˈptar.ni.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ptár.ny.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈptar.ny.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈptar.ny.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈptar.ny.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈptar.ni.me/

Verb

πτᾰ́ρνῠμαι • (ptárnumai)

1. to sneeze

Conjugation

The present tense πταίρω (ptaírō) also occurs.

   Present: πτᾰ́ρνῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	πτᾰ́ρνῠμαι	πτᾰ́ρνῠσαι	πτᾰ́ρνῠται	πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον	πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον	πτᾰρνῠ́μεθα	πτᾰ́ρνῠσθε	πτᾰ́ρνῠνται
	subjunctive	πτᾰρνῠ́ωμαι	πτᾰρνῠ́ῃ	πτᾰρνῠ́ηται	πτᾰρνῠ́ησθον	πτᾰρνῠ́ησθον	πτᾰρνῠώμεθᾰ	πτᾰρνῠ́ησθε	πτᾰρνῠ́ωνται
	optative	πτᾰρνῠοίμην	πτᾰρνῠ́οιο	πτᾰρνῠ́οιτο	πτᾰρνῠ́οισθον	πτᾰρνῠοίσθην	πτᾰρνῠοίμεθᾰ	πτᾰρνῠ́οισθε	πτᾰρνῠ́οιντο
	imperative		πτᾰ́ρνῠσο	πτᾰρνῠ́σθω	πτᾰ́ρνῠσθον	πτᾰρνῠ́σθων		πτᾰ́ρνῠσθε	πτᾰρνῠ́σθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						πτᾰ́ρνῠσθαι
participle	m					πτᾰρνῠ́μενος
	f					πτᾰρνῠμένη
	n					πτᾰρνῠ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔπτᾰρον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔπτᾰρον	ἔπτᾰρες	ἔπτᾰρε(ν)	ἐπτᾰ́ρετον	ἐπτᾰρέτην	ἐπτᾰ́ρομεν	ἐπτᾰ́ρετε	ἔπτᾰρον
	subjunctive	πτᾰ́ρω	πτᾰ́ρῃς	πτᾰ́ρῃ	πτᾰ́ρητον	πτᾰ́ρητον	πτᾰ́ρωμεν	πτᾰ́ρητε	πτᾰ́ρωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πτᾰ́ροιμῐ	πτᾰ́ροις	πτᾰ́ροι	πτᾰ́ροιτον	πτᾰροίτην	πτᾰ́ροιμεν	πτᾰ́ροιτε	πτᾰ́ροιεν
	imperative		πτᾰ́ρε	πτᾰρέτω	πτᾰ́ρετον	πτᾰρέτων		πτᾰ́ρετε	πτᾰρόντων
		active
infinitive		πτᾰρεῖν
participle	m	πτᾰρών
	f	πτᾰροῦσᾰ
	n	πτᾰρόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Further reading

• “πταίρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press