χλιαίνω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom earlier χλίω (khlíō), from Proto-Hellenic *kʰlíō.
The pair formed by this verb and χλιαρός (khliarós, “tepid, lukewarm”), like μιαίνω (miaínō)/μιαρός (miarós) and πιαίνω (piaínō)/πιαρός (piarós), belong together both formally and semantically, due to their physiological meaning "soft, lukewarm". Some Celtic and Germanic words with the meaning "to shine" are compared: Old Irish glé (“clear, evident”), Middle Welsh gloew (“liquid, clear”), Old Norse gljá (“to shine, gleam”), Proto-Germanic *glaimiz (“brightness, splendour”), Lithuanian žlejà (“darkness, twilight”). All these words point to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰley- (“to shine”). However, the connection between "shine, gleam" and "warm" is difficult, so the reconstruction remains uncertain.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰliː.ǎi̯.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰliˈɛ.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xliˈɛ.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xliˈe.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xliˈe.no/
Verb
editχλῑαίνω • (khlīaínō)
- (active voice) to warm, warm up
- (passive voice) to grow warm, warm oneself
Inflection
editnumber | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εχλῑ́αινον | εχλῑ́αινες | εχλῑ́αινε(ν) | εχλῑαίνετον | εχλῑαινέτην | εχλῑαίνομεν | εχλῑαίνετε | εχλῑ́αινον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | εχλῑαινόμην | εχλῑαίνου | εχλῑαίνετο | εχλῑαίνεσθον | εχλῑαινέσθην | εχλῑαινόμεθᾰ | εχλῑαίνεσθε | εχλῑαίνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χλῑανέω | χλῑανέεις | χλῑανέει | χλῑανέετον | χλῑανέετον | χλῑανέομεν | χλῑανέετε | χλῑανέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χλῑανέοιμῐ | χλῑανέοις | χλῑανέοι | χλῑανέοιτον | χλῑανεοίτην | χλῑανέοιμεν | χλῑανέοιτε | χλῑανέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | χλῑανέομαι | χλῑανέῃ, χλῑανέει |
χλῑανέεται | χλῑανέεσθον | χλῑανέεσθον | χλῑανεόμεθᾰ | χλῑανέεσθε | χλῑανέονται | ||||
optative | χλῑανεοίμην | χλῑανέοιο | χλῑανέοιτο | χλῑανέοισθον | χλῑανεοίσθην | χλῑανεοίμεθᾰ | χλῑανέοισθε | χλῑανέοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χλῑανέειν | χλῑανέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χλῑανέων | χλῑανεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | χλῑανέουσᾰ | χλῑανεομένη | |||||||||||
n | χλῑανέον | χλῑανεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | χλῑανῶ | χλῑανεῖς | χλῑανεῖ | χλῑανεῖτον | χλῑανεῖτον | χλῑανοῦμεν | χλῑανεῖτε | χλῑανοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | χλῑανοίην, χλῑανοῖμῐ |
χλῑανοίης, χλῑανοῖς |
χλῑανοίη, χλῑανοῖ |
χλῑανοῖτον, χλῑανοίητον |
χλῑανοίτην, χλῑανοιήτην |
χλῑανοῖμεν, χλῑανοίημεν |
χλῑανοῖτε, χλῑανοίητε |
χλῑανοῖεν, χλῑανοίησᾰν | |||||
middle | indicative | χλῑανοῦμαι | χλῑανῇ | χλῑανεῖται | χλῑανεῖσθον | χλῑανεῖσθον | χλῑανούμεθᾰ | χλῑανεῖσθε | χλῑανοῦνται | ||||
optative | χλῑανοίμην | χλῑανοῖο | χλῑανοῖτο | χλῑανοῖσθον | χλῑανοίσθην | χλῑανοίμεθᾰ | χλῑανοῖσθε | χλῑανοῖντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | χλῑανεῖν | χλῑανεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | χλῑανῶν | χλῑανούμενος | ||||||||||
f | χλῑανοῦσᾰ | χλῑανουμένη | |||||||||||
n | χλῑανοῦν | χλῑανούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- ἀνᾰχλῑαίνω (anakhlīaínō)
- ἐπῐχλῑαίνω (epikhlīaínō)
- ὑποχλῑαίνω (hupokhlīaínō)
- χλῐᾰρός (khliarós)
- χλῐ́ᾰσμᾰ (khlíasma)
Further reading
edit- “χλιαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χλιαίνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χλιαίνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χλιαίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1637