полу-
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- пол- (pol-) — especially in the nominative case
Etymology
editInherited from Old East Slavic полъ (polŭ), from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”).
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editполу- • (polu-)
- (highly productive, takes nouns, produces compound nouns) semi-, demi-, half-[1]
- полукру́г ― polukrúg ― semicircle
- полумра́к ― polumrák ― twilight, semi-darkness, shade
- полуо́стров ― poluóstrov ― peninsula
- полусо́н ― polusón ― half-sleep, twilight sleep
- полупроводни́к ― poluprovodník ― semiconductor
- полуавтома́т ― poluavtomát ― semi-automatic device
- (highly productive, takes nouns in genitive case, produces compound nouns) semi-, demi-, half- paired with пол- form[2]
- полко́мнаты ― polkómnaty ― half a room
- полпроце́нта ― polprocénta ― half a percent
- полведра́ ― polvedrá ― half a bucket
- полчаса́ ― polčasá ― half an hour, half-hour
- пол-очка́ ― pol-očká ― half a point, half-point
- пол-Москвы́ ― pol-Moskvý ― half of Moscow
- полми́ра ― polmíra ― half the world
- полбеды́ ― polbedý ― half the trouble, not that bad
- полсу́ток ― polsútok ― half a day
- по́лдень ― póldenʹ ― noon, midday
- по́лночь ― pólnočʹ ― midnight
- полу́дня ― polúdnja ― noon, midday
- полу́ночи ― polúnoči ― midnight
- (takes adjective, produces compound adjective) semi-, demi-, half-[3]
- полушерстяно́й ― polušerstjanój ― half-woollen
- полулега́льный ― polulegálʹnyj ― semi-legal
- полуосвещённый ― poluosveščónnyj ― half-lit, semi-illuminated
- полувью́щийся ― poluvʹjúščijsja ― semi-curly
- (productive, takes verbs, produces compound verbs) incompletely[4]
- полузакры́ть ― poluzakrýtʹ ― to half-close, to semi-enclose
- полулежа́ть ― poluležátʹ ― to lie reclined, to lie with the upper body raised
- полуоде́ть ― poluodétʹ ― to half-dress, to half-clothe
- полусиде́ть ― polusidétʹ ― to sit reclined, to lie with the upper body raised
- полуистле́ть ― poluistlétʹ ― to half-rot, to semi-rot
- полускры́ть ― poluskrýtʹ ― to half-hide, to half-conceal
- полусгиба́ться ― polusgibátʹsja ― to be half-bent, to half-bend (passive)
- (takes adverb, produces compound adverb) incompletely[5]
- полулёжа ― poluljóža ― in a semi-recumbent position, recumbently
- полуси́дя ― polusídja ― half-sitting
- полушутя́ ― polušutjá ― half-jokingly
- полутемно́ ― polutemnó ― half-dark, semi-dark, with insufficient lighting
- полувсерьёз ― poluvserʹjóz ― half-seriously
- полунауга́д ― polunaugád ― half-guessing, half-at-random
Usage notes
edit- When the meaning of "half" is still present in a word with this prefix, this prefix almost always receives secondary stress and the /o/ vowel is almost never reduced.
Derived terms
edit- полубо́г (polubóg)
- полубоги́ня (polubogínja)
- полуавтомати́ческий (poluavtomatíčeskij)
- полуме́ры (poluméry)
- полумёртвый (polumjórtvyj)
- полуго́док (polugódok)
- полукро́вок (polukróvok)
- полуша́лок (polušálok)
References
edit- ^ §551.г of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §552 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §756.4 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §960.1 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
- ^ §1026 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *polъ (“half”).
Prefix
editполу- (Latin spelling polu-)
Derived terms
editCategories:
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian prefixes
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian prefixes