Wiktionary

գաւառ

Old Armenian

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Etymology

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The origin is uncertain. J̌ahukyan compares to Middle Persian [script needed] (pargawār, “environs, sides”),[1] which is found in some dictionaries[2][3] but not MacKenzie, who has Middle Persian [script needed] (plywʾl /⁠parwār⁠/, “citadel; circumvallation; suburb, surroundings”)[4] possibly as an alternative reading of the same word.

Noun

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գաւառ • (gawaṙ)

  1. district, region, canton
  2. (historical) a political subdivision of ancient Armenia, smaller than նահանգ (nahang, “province”)
    • 7th century, Anania Širakacʻi, Ašxarhacʻoycʻ [Geography] :
      Վեցերորդ՝ Կորճէք յելից կայ Մոկաց առ Ասորեստանիւ։ Եւ գաւառս ունի մետասան․ զԿորդիս, զԿորդիս վերին, զԿորդիս միջին, զԿորդիս ներքին, զԱյտուանս, զՄոթղանս, զՈրսիրանս, զԿարատունիս, զՃահուկ, զՓոքր Աղբակ։ Եւ ունի զառիկ․ եւ ի պտղոց՝ շահդանակ։
      Vecʻerord, Korčēkʻ yelicʻ kay Mokacʻ aṙ Asorestaniw. Ew gawaṙs uni metasan; zKordis, zKordis verin, zKordis miǰin, zKordis nerkʻin, zAytuans, zMotʻłans, zOrsirans, zKaratunis, zČahuk, zPʻokʻr Ałbak. Ew uni zaṙik; ew i ptłocʻ, šahdanak.
      • 1992 translation by Robert H. Hewsen
        Korčēkʿ is east of Mokkʿ by Assyria. It has eleven districts: Kordis, Upper Kordis, Middle Kordis, Lower Kordis, Aytuans, Motʿłans, Orsirans, Karatunis, Čahuk, and Lesser Ałbak. It has arsenic and among its fruits is the chestnut.

Declension

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i-a-type
singular plural
nominative գաւառ (gawaṙ) գաւառք (gawaṙkʻ)
genitive գաւառի (gawaṙi) գաւառաց (gawaṙacʻ)
dative գաւառի (gawaṙi) գաւառաց (gawaṙacʻ)
accusative գաւառ (gawaṙ) գաւառս (gawaṙs)
ablative գաւառէ (gawaṙē) գաւառաց (gawaṙacʻ)
instrumental գաւառաւ (gawaṙaw) գաւառաւք = գաւառօք (gawaṙawkʻ = gawaṙōkʻ)
locative գաւառի (gawaṙi) գաւառս (gawaṙs)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Armenian: գավառ (gavaṙ), գաւառ (gawaṙ) — traditional orthography
    • Kurdish:
      → Northern Kurdish: kavar

References

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  1. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “գաւառ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 153a
  2. ^ Abrahamyan, Ṙ. (1965) “pargavār”, in G. M. Nalbandyan, editor, Pahlaveren-parskeren-hayeren-ṙuseren-angleren baṙaran [Pahlavi–Persian–Armenian–Russian–English Dictionary], Yerevan: University Press, page 219
  3. ^ Farahvashī, Bahrām (1979) Farhang-e fārsi beh pahlavi [Persian–Pahlavi Dictionary]‎[1], Tehran, pages 33, 244
  4. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “parwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 65

Further reading

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  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գաւառ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, pages 527–528, tentatively derives from unattested Hurro-Urartian or a “Caucasian” language, comparing Georgian გვარი (gvari, “genus, kin, kind, sort, family”), but this is now known to be an unrelated cognate of գոհար (gohar)
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գաւառ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գաւառ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎[2], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 87
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