אתרוג

Hebrew

Root
ת־ר־ג (t-r-g)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Persian [script needed] (turung), from Sanskrit मातुलुङ्ग (mātuluṅga), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Persian ترنج (toronj), Turkish turunç, Arabic تُرُنْج (turunj), أُتْرُجّ (ʔutrujj), Aramaic תְּרוֹגָא (tərōḡā), אֶתְרוֹגָא (ʾeṯrōḡā), Tamil மாதுளம் (mātuḷam), மாதுளங்காய் (mātuḷaṅkāy, “pomegranate, citron lemon”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

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Noun

אֶתְרוֹג • (etróg) m (plural indefinite אֶתְרוֹגִים, singular construct אֶתְרוֹג־, plural construct אֶתְרוֹגֵי־)

1. citron (fruit)
   • a. 217 C.E., Mishnah, Sukkah 4:7:

     מִיַּד הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שׁוֹמְטִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן וְאוֹכְלִין אֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן.

     Mi-yád ha-tinoqót shomṭín et lulavéihen v-okhlín etrogéihen.

     Immediately, the children would release their palm branches and eat their citrons.

   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Kiddushin 70a:

     אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל כׇּל הָאוֹמֵר אֶתְרוּנְגָּא תִּילְתָּא בְּרָמוּת רוּחָא אוֹ אֶתְרוֹג כִּדְקַרְיוּהּ רַבָּנַן אוֹ אֶתְרוֹגָא דְּאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי

     Amár Shmuél: kol ha-omér etrúnga tiltá b-ramút rúḥa. O etróg ki-d-qaryúh rabbanán, o etróga d-amrí inashéi.

     Said Shmuel: All who call a citron an etrunga have a third of a measure of haughtiness. Either call it an etrog, as the rabbis call it, or an etroga, as the people do.

References

• “אתרוג” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Further reading

• אתרוג on the Hebrew Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^he

Yiddish

Etymology

From Hebrew אֶתְרוֹג (etróg).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛsʁəɡ/

Noun

אתרוג • (esreg) m, plural אתרוגים (esroygim)

1. citron (fruit)