Appendix:Yiddish pronunciation
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Yiddish pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.
See Yiddish phonology at Wikipedia for a more thorough look at the sounds of Yiddish.
Standard YIVO YiddishEdit
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NotesEdit
- ^ [ŋ] is not a separate phoneme but an allophone of /n/ when directly followed by /k/ or /ɡ/.
- ^ The rhotic /r/ is realized by most speakers as a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ]; some use an alveolar trill [r] or an alveolar flap [ɾ].
Dialectal differencesEdit
VowelsEdit
Standard Yiddish | WY[1] | CY[2] | SEY[3] | NEY[4] | Germanic Examples | Semitic Examples | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vowel | Translit. | IPA | ||||||
אַ | a | a | a | a | ɔ | a | וואַלד (vald) | גנבֿ (ganef) |
אָ | o | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | אָבער (ober) | סוד (sod) | |
oː | uː | u | דאָ (do) | כּשר (kosher) | ||||
ו | u | ʊ | ʊ | ɪ | ɨ | ʊ | גוט (gut) | חופּה (khupe) |
uː | iː | i | בוך (bukh) | פּורים (purem) | ||||
י | i | ɪ | ɪ | ɪ | ɨ | ɪ | זילבער (zilber) | גבור (giber) |
iː | iː | i | בריוו (briv) | מדינה (medine) | ||||
ע | e | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | עסן (esn) | אמת (emes) |
eː | ɛɪ̯ | ɛɪ̯~i | לעבן (lebn) | בגד (beged) | ||||
וי | oy | ɔɪ̯ | oː~oʊ̯~aʊ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɔɪ̯ | ɛɪ̯ | גרויס (groys) | עולם (oylem) |
aː | בוים (boym) | — | ||||||
oʊ̯ | oː~oʊ̯ | oʊ̯~ɔɪ̯~u | ɔɪ̯ | הויז (hoyz) | גוי (goy) | |||
יי | ey | ɛɪ̯ | eː | aɪ̯ | ɛɪ̯ | ɛɪ̯ | פֿריילעך (freylekh) | חן (kheyn) |
aː | פֿלייש (fleysh) | — | ||||||
ײַ | ay | aɪ̯ | aɪ̯ | aː | a | aɪ̯ | שנײַדער (shnayder) | חייל (khayel) |
ReferencesEdit
- Jacobs, Neil G. (2005) Yiddish: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge University Press. →ISBN.