حنتم

Arabic

Etymology

Shortened from attributive مُحَنْتَم (muḥantam, “glazed on the inner”), a borrowing of Classical Syriac ܡܚܬܡ (məḥattam, “finished”), so doublet of مُخَتَّم (muḵattam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ħan.tam/

Noun

حَنْتَم • (ḥantam) m (collective, singulative حَنْتَمَة f (ḥantama), plural حَنَاتِم (ḥanātim))

1. a container made from the colocynth and any dark green water-jug or crock
   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 36:54:

     نَهَى رَسُولُ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَٱلْحَنْتَمِ وَٱلْمُزَفَّتِ وَٱلنَّقِيرِ وَأَنْ يُخْلَطَ الْبَلَحُ بِالزَّهْوِ.‏

     nahā rasūlu llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama ʕani d-dubbāʔi wal-ḥantami wal-muzaffati wan-naqīri waʔan yuḵlaṭa l-balaḥu bi-z-zahwi.

     The prophet (PBUH) forbade [the preparation of wine] in a bottle-gourd, in a colocynth container, in a varnished jar, a hollow stump, and from mixing up ripe dates with nearly ripe dates.

2. dark cloud

Declension

Declension of noun حَنْتَم (ḥantam)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَنْتَم ḥantam	الْحَنْتَم al-ḥantam	حَنْتَم ḥantam
Nominative	حَنْتَمٌ ḥantamun	الْحَنْتَمُ al-ḥantamu	حَنْتَمُ ḥantamu
Accusative	حَنْتَمًا ḥantaman	الْحَنْتَمَ al-ḥantama	حَنْتَمَ ḥantama
Genitive	حَنْتَمٍ ḥantamin	الْحَنْتَمِ al-ḥantami	حَنْتَمِ ḥantami
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَنْتَمَة ḥantama	الْحَنْتَمَة al-ḥantama	حَنْتَمَة ḥantamat
Nominative	حَنْتَمَةٌ ḥantamatun	الْحَنْتَمَةُ al-ḥantamatu	حَنْتَمَةُ ḥantamatu
Accusative	حَنْتَمَةً ḥantamatan	الْحَنْتَمَةَ al-ḥantamata	حَنْتَمَةَ ḥantamata
Genitive	حَنْتَمَةٍ ḥantamatin	الْحَنْتَمَةِ al-ḥantamati	حَنْتَمَةِ ḥantamati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَنْتَمَتَيْن ḥantamatayn	الْحَنْتَمَتَيْن al-ḥantamatayn	حَنْتَمَتَيْ ḥantamatay
Nominative	حَنْتَمَتَانِ ḥantamatāni	الْحَنْتَمَتَانِ al-ḥantamatāni	حَنْتَمَتَا ḥantamatā
Accusative	حَنْتَمَتَيْنِ ḥantamatayni	الْحَنْتَمَتَيْنِ al-ḥantamatayni	حَنْتَمَتَيْ ḥantamatay
Genitive	حَنْتَمَتَيْنِ ḥantamatayni	الْحَنْتَمَتَيْنِ al-ḥantamatayni	حَنْتَمَتَيْ ḥantamatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَنْتَمَات ḥantamāt	الْحَنْتَمَات al-ḥantamāt	حَنْتَمَات ḥantamāt
Nominative	حَنْتَمَاتٌ ḥantamātun	الْحَنْتَمَاتُ al-ḥantamātu	حَنْتَمَاتُ ḥantamātu
Accusative	حَنْتَمَاتٍ ḥantamātin	الْحَنْتَمَاتِ al-ḥantamāti	حَنْتَمَاتِ ḥantamāti
Genitive	حَنْتَمَاتٍ ḥantamātin	الْحَنْتَمَاتِ al-ḥantamāti	حَنْتَمَاتِ ḥantamāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَنَاتِم ḥanātim	الْحَنَاتِم al-ḥanātim	حَنَاتِم ḥanātim
Nominative	حَنَاتِمُ ḥanātimu	الْحَنَاتِمُ al-ḥanātimu	حَنَاتِمُ ḥanātimu
Accusative	حَنَاتِمَ ḥanātima	الْحَنَاتِمَ al-ḥanātima	حَنَاتِمَ ḥanātima
Genitive	حَنَاتِمَ ḥanātima	الْحَنَاتِمِ al-ḥanātimi	حَنَاتِمِ ḥanātimi

Alternative forms

• حَلْتَم (ḥaltam), حَلْتَمِيَّة (ḥaltamiyya) — al-Andalus

Descendants

• → Old Spanish: altamía
  • Spanish: altamía, antamilla
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: altamia
  • Portuguese: altamia

References

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 374
• Freytag, Georg (1830) “حنتم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 433a
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حنتم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen, page 300a