كودن

See also: کودن and گودن

Arabic

Alternative forms

• كَوْدَنِيّ (kawdaniyy)

Etymology

From Aramaic כוֹדְנָא / ܟܽܘܕܢܳܐ (kōḏnā) / כוֹדַנֽיָא / ܟܽܘܕܰܢܝܳܐ (kōḏanyā, “mule”), from Akkadian 𒀲𒆪𒁷 (^ANŠEku-din /⁠kūdunu, kūdanu, kūdannu, kūdinu⁠/), written many different ways, equated to Sumerian 𒀲𒄊𒉣 (anše-ĝir₂-nun /⁠anšeĝirnun⁠/, “a type of equid”) which functions as a Sumerogram when spelled with an additional 𒈾 (-na) in the Akkadian orthography. The exact differentiating nature of the multiple terms for donkey remains uncertain; for more see Persian کودن.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaw.dan/

Noun

كَوْدَن • (kawdan) m (plural كَوَادِن (kawādin))

1. a beast of burden, particularly a mule or hinny
   • a. 1057, أبو العلاء المعري [ʾabū al-ʿalāʾ al-maʿarrī], خوى دَنُّ شَرب‎^[1], line 11:

     تَفَرَّعَتِ الْجُرْدَ الْعِرَابَ لِعِزَّةٍ / كَوَادِنُ بَيْنَ المُقَرِّفَاتِ كَوَادِي

     tafarraʕati l-jurda l-ʕirāba liʕizzatin / kawādinu bayna l-muqarrifāti kawādī

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun كَوْدَن (kawdan)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَوْدَن kawdan	الْكَوْدَن al-kawdan	كَوْدَن kawdan
Nominative	كَوْدَنٌ kawdanun	الْكَوْدَنُ al-kawdanu	كَوْدَنُ kawdanu
Accusative	كَوْدَنًا kawdanan	الْكَوْدَنَ al-kawdana	كَوْدَنَ kawdana
Genitive	كَوْدَنٍ kawdanin	الْكَوْدَنِ al-kawdani	كَوْدَنِ kawdani
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَوْدَنَيْن kawdanayn	الْكَوْدَنَيْن al-kawdanayn	كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay
Nominative	كَوْدَنَانِ kawdanāni	الْكَوْدَنَانِ al-kawdanāni	كَوْدَنَا kawdanā
Accusative	كَوْدَنَيْنِ kawdanayni	الْكَوْدَنَيْنِ al-kawdanayni	كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay
Genitive	كَوْدَنَيْنِ kawdanayni	الْكَوْدَنَيْنِ al-kawdanayni	كَوْدَنَيْ kawdanay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كَوَادِن kawādin	الْكَوَادِن al-kawādin	كَوَادِن kawādin
Nominative	كَوَادِنُ kawādinu	الْكَوَادِنُ al-kawādinu	كَوَادِنُ kawādinu
Accusative	كَوَادِنَ kawādina	الْكَوَادِنَ al-kawādina	كَوَادِنَ kawādina
Genitive	كَوَادِنَ kawādina	الْكَوَادِنِ al-kawādini	كَوَادِنِ kawādini

References

• “kwdn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Brockelmann, Carl (1897) “Etymologische Miscellen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[2] (in German), volume 51, page 659
• Diem, Werner (2008) “Schwieriger Verkauf einer Mauleselin”, in Studien zur Semitistik und Arabistik: Festschrift für Hartmut Bobzin zum 60. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 62 from 57–72
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 109
• Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 24
• Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, pages 54–55 Nr. 142
• Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 169–170 No. 124, ignoring variants in Akkadian and the revealing variation in the Arabic which makes the long-known borrowed origin clear.
• Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[3] (in German), volume 50, page 652 Nr. 287, baselessly deriving from Middle Persian [script needed] (kōtīna) (while there is Persian کودن (kowdan, “decrepit beast of burden”)), which Brockelmann corrected for a chain from Akkadian via Aramaic.
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 50