See also: کودن and گودن

Arabic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Aramaic כוֹדְנָא / ܟܽܘܕܢܳܐ (kōḏnā) / כוֹדַנֽיָא / ܟܽܘܕܰܢܝܳܐ (kōḏanyā, mule), from Akkadian 𒀲𒆪𒁷 (ANŠEku-din /⁠kūdunu, kūdanu, kūdannu, kūdinu⁠/), written many different ways, equated to Sumerian 𒀲𒄊𒉣 (anše-ĝir₂-nun /⁠anšeĝirnun⁠/, a type of equid) which functions as a Sumerogram when spelled with an additional 𒈾 (-na) in the Akkadian orthography. The exact differentiating nature of the multiple terms for donkey remains uncertain; for more see Persian کودن.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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كَوْدَن (kawdanm (plural كَوَادِن (kawādin))

  1. a beast of burden, particularly a mule or hinny
    • a. 1057, أبو العلاء المعري [ʾabū al-ʿalāʾ al-maʿarrī], خوى دَنُّ شَرب[1], line 11:
      تَفَرَّعَتِ الْجُرْدَ الْعِرَابَ لِعِزَّةٍ / كَوَادِنُ بَيْنَ المُقَرِّفَاتِ كَوَادِي
      tafarraʕati l-jurda l-ʕirāba liʕizzatin / kawādinu bayna l-muqarrifāti kawādī
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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References

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  • kwdn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Brockelmann, Carl (1897) “Etymologische Miscellen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[2] (in German), volume 51, page 659
  • Diem, Werner (2008) “Schwieriger Verkauf einer Mauleselin”, in Studien zur Semitistik und Arabistik: Festschrift für Hartmut Bobzin zum 60. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 62 from 57–72
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 109
  • Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, page 24
  • Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, pages 54–55 Nr. 142
  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 169–170 No. 124, ignoring variants in Akkadian and the revealing variation in the Arabic which makes the long-known borrowed origin clear.
  • Vollers, Karl (1896) “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[3] (in German), volume 50, page 652 Nr. 287, baselessly deriving from Middle Persian [script needed] (kōtīna) (while there is Persian کودن (kowdan, decrepit beast of burden)), which Brockelmann corrected for a chain from Akkadian via Aramaic.
  • Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 50