نشم
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editUnknown.
An equation with Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem or terms reconstructed for it, Old Armenian թեղի (tʻełi), Ancient Greek πτελέα (pteléa), all meaning “elm”, is possible, per a communication of Lameen Souag.
Federico Corriente’s Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou reckons it possible to equate the Arabic dendronym, which in the Middle Ages encompassed نَشَم أَسْوَد (našam ʔaswad, “elm”, literally “black elm”) and نَشَم أَبْيَض (našam ʔabyaḍ, “nettle tree”, literally “white elm”) (else called قَيْقَب (qayqab) and مَيْس (mays)), with Egyptian nšmt meaning types of “feldspar”, a variety of minerals widely occurring in the earth and employed to carve items, sharing thus properties and functions of the woods of the trees, a particular colour of which or the multifarity of colours of which would have stood model for Hebrew תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinšémeṯ, “chameleon”), elsewhere לֶשֶׁם (léšem, “probably amazonite”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editنَشَم • (našam) m (collective, singulative نَشَمَة f (našama), plural أَنْشَام (ʔanšām))
- elm (Ulmus spp.)
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 4, pages 154–155:
- ويغرس في المواضع الرطب الكبيرة والندوة منها النشم والغرب والصفيراء والأيرج والميس والرند ويتوخى أن يكون شجر الأترج في مواضع مستور عن الريح الجوفية والريح الغربية مكشوف للريح القبلية.
- One plants on moist, spacious and humid places there elms, willows, planetree maples, citrons, hackberries, and laurels, and it is to be taken care that the citron is covered from northern and western winds and open for southeastern winds.
Declension
editCollective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نَشَم našam |
النَّشَم an-našam |
نَشَم našam |
Nominative | نَشَمٌ našamun |
النَّشَمُ an-našamu |
نَشَمُ našamu |
Accusative | نَشَمًا našaman |
النَّشَمَ an-našama |
نَشَمَ našama |
Genitive | نَشَمٍ našamin |
النَّشَمِ an-našami |
نَشَمِ našami |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نَشَمَة našama |
النَّشَمَة an-našama |
نَشَمَة našamat |
Nominative | نَشَمَةٌ našamatun |
النَّشَمَةُ an-našamatu |
نَشَمَةُ našamatu |
Accusative | نَشَمَةً našamatan |
النَّشَمَةَ an-našamata |
نَشَمَةَ našamata |
Genitive | نَشَمَةٍ našamatin |
النَّشَمَةِ an-našamati |
نَشَمَةِ našamati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | نَشَمَتَيْن našamatayn |
النَّشَمَتَيْن an-našamatayn |
نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
Nominative | نَشَمَتَانِ našamatāni |
النَّشَمَتَانِ an-našamatāni |
نَشَمَتَا našamatā |
Accusative | نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni |
النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni |
نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
Genitive | نَشَمَتَيْنِ našamatayni |
النَّشَمَتَيْنِ an-našamatayni |
نَشَمَتَيْ našamatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | نَشَمَات našamāt |
النَّشَمَات an-našamāt |
نَشَمَات našamāt |
Nominative | نَشَمَاتٌ našamātun |
النَّشَمَاتُ an-našamātu |
نَشَمَاتُ našamātu |
Accusative | نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin |
النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti |
نَشَمَاتِ našamāti |
Genitive | نَشَمَاتٍ našamātin |
النَّشَمَاتِ an-našamāti |
نَشَمَاتِ našamāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَنْشَام ʔanšām |
الْأَنْشَام al-ʔanšām |
أَنْشَام ʔanšām |
Nominative | أَنْشَامٌ ʔanšāmun |
الْأَنْشَامُ al-ʔanšāmu |
أَنْشَامُ ʔanšāmu |
Accusative | أَنْشَامًا ʔanšāman |
الْأَنْشَامَ al-ʔanšāma |
أَنْشَامَ ʔanšāma |
Genitive | أَنْشَامٍ ʔanšāmin |
الْأَنْشَامِ al-ʔanšāmi |
أَنْشَامِ ʔanšāmi |
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 1264
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “نشم”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 674
- Freytag, Georg (1837) “نشم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 283–284
- Hoffmeier, James K. (2023) “Further Reflections on Egyptian Influences on the Early Hebrews—Priestly Matters”, in Linguistic and Philological Studies of the Hebrew Bible and its Manuscripts in Honor of Gary A. Rendsburg (Studia Semitica Neerlandica; 75)[3], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
- Souag, Lameen (2016 July 25) “Darja notes: Elms and kids' morphology”, in Jabal al-Lughat[4], archived from the original on 15 February 2018
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
edit- first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
edit- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
editVerb
edit- first-person plural non-past active indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
edit- first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past active jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
editVerb
edit- first-person plural non-past passive indicative of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
edit- first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive of شَمَّ (šamma)
- first-person plural non-past passive jussive of شَمَّ (šamma)
Verb
edit- Arabic terms with unknown etymologies
- Arabic terms borrowed from Egyptian
- Arabic terms derived from Egyptian
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic collective nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- ar:Rosales order plants
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote collective
- Arabic nouns with triptote singulative in -a
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine paucal
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms