गृह्णाति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti) — Rigvedic

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥bʰnáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to grab, seize”). See गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti) for cognates.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩ɦ.ɳɑ́ː.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩ɦˈɳɑː.t̪i/

Verb

गृह्णाति • (gṛhṇā́ti) third-singular present indicative (root ग्रह्, class 9, type P)

to grab, seize, take by the hand
to grasp
to capture, take prisoner, take captive

Conjugation

Present: गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृह्णीते (gṛhṇīté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	गृह्णाति gṛhṇā́ti	गृह्णीतः gṛhṇītáḥ	गृह्णन्ति gṛhṇánti	गृह्णीते gṛhṇīté	गृह्णाते gṛhṇā́te	गृह्णते gṛhṇáte
Second	गृह्णासि gṛhṇā́si	गृह्णीथः gṛhṇītháḥ	गृह्णीथ gṛhṇīthá	गृह्णीषे gṛhṇīṣé	गृह्णाथे gṛhṇā́the	गृह्णीध्वे gṛhṇīdhvé
First	गृह्णामि gṛhṇā́mi	गृह्णीवः gṛhṇīváḥ	गृह्णीमः gṛhṇīmáḥ	गृह्णे gṛhṇé	गृह्णीवहे gṛhṇīváhe	गृह्णीमहे gṛhṇīmáhe
Imperative
Third	गृह्णातु gṛhṇā́tu	गृह्णीताम् gṛhṇītā́m	गृह्णन्तु gṛhṇántu	गृह्णीताम् gṛhṇītā́m	गृह्णाताम् gṛhṇā́tām	गृह्णताम् gṛhṇátām
Second	गृहाण gṛhāṇá	गृह्णीतम् gṛhṇītám	गृह्णीत gṛhṇītá	गृह्णीष्व gṛhṇīṣvá	गृह्णाथाम् gṛhṇā́thām	गृह्णीध्वम् gṛhṇīdhvám
First	गृह्णानि gṛhṇā́ni	गृह्णाव gṛhṇā́va	गृह्णाम gṛhṇā́ma	गृह्णै gṛhṇaí	गृह्णावहै gṛhṇā́vahai	गृह्णामहै gṛhṇā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	गृह्णीयात् gṛhṇīyā́t	गृह्णीयाताम् gṛhṇīyā́tām	गृह्णीयुः gṛhṇīyúḥ	गृह्णीत gṛhṇītá	गृह्णीयाताम् gṛhṇīyā́tām	गृह्णीरन् gṛhṇīrán
Second	गृह्णीयाः gṛhṇīyā́ḥ	गृह्णीयातम् gṛhṇīyā́tam	गृह्णीयात gṛhṇīyā́ta	गृह्णीथाः gṛhṇīthā́ḥ	गृह्णीयाथाम् gṛhṇīyā́thām	गृह्णीध्वम् gṛhṇīdhvám
First	गृह्णीयाम् gṛhṇīyā́m	गृह्णीयाव gṛhṇīyā́va	गृह्णीयाम gṛhṇīyā́ma	गृह्णीय gṛhṇīyá	गृह्णीवहि gṛhṇīváhi	गृह्णीमहि gṛhṇīmáhi
Participles
	गृह्णत् gṛhṇát			गृह्णान gṛhṇāná

Imperfect: अगृह्णात् (ágṛhṇāt), अगृह्णीत (ágṛhṇīta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अगृह्णात् ágṛhṇāt	अगृह्णीताम् ágṛhṇītām	अगृह्णन् ágṛhṇan	अगृह्णीत ágṛhṇīta	अगृह्णाताम् ágṛhṇātām	अगृह्णत ágṛhṇata
Second	अगृह्णाः ágṛhṇāḥ	अगृह्णीतम् ágṛhṇītam	अगृह्णीत ágṛhṇīta	अगृह्णीथाः ágṛhṇīthāḥ	अगृह्णाथाम् ágṛhṇāthām	अगृह्णीध्वम् ágṛhṇīdhvam
First	अगृह्णाम् ágṛhṇām	अगृह्णीव ágṛhṇīva	अगृह्णीम ágṛhṇīma	अगृह्णि ágṛhṇi	अगृह्णीवहि ágṛhṇīvahi	अगृह्णीमहि ágṛhṇīmahi

Related terms

ग्रहण (grahaṇa)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Indus Kohistani: ghin-
- Kamkata-viri: gin-
- Khotanese: گنِک (ganik, “to seize”)
- Kashmiri: ginnu
  Arabic script: گِنُّ
  
  Devanagari script: गिन्नु
- Phalura: ghin-
- Shina: گنیک (ginóĭki), گݨیک (giṇóĭki)
- Torwali: gin-
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gin-
Kholosi: genai
Pali: gaṇhāti, gahessati
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gaṇhaï)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Early Assamese: ঘেনাইব (ghenaibo)
    - Odia: ଘିନିବା (ghinibā), ଘେନିବା (ghenibā)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: घिन्न्णू (ghinnṇū)
      - Churahi: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
      - Jaunsari: घीन्णोँ (ghīnṇō̃)
      - Pangwali: घिन्णा (ghinṇā)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Lahnda: گھنݨ (ghinnaṇ), گھدھا (ghiddā)
      - Punjabi: ghinnaṇā
        Gurmukhi script: ਘਿੰਨਣਾ
        Shahmukhi script: گھِنَّݨَا
    - Vracada Apabhramsa:
      - Sindhi: g̠iṇhaṇu, g̠iddhā
        Arabic script: گِڻهَڻُ, گِدڌَا
        Devanagari script: गिण्हणु, गिद्धा
        Jadgali: [script needed] (ghinṇu)
        Kachchi: ગિન્ણૂ (ginṇū)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: ގަންނަނީ (gan̊nanī)
    - Sinhalese: ගන්නවා (gannawā)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁂𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (geṇhaï), 𑀕𑀡𑁆𑀳𑀇 (gaṇhaï)
    - Konkani: ghevce
      Devanagari script: घेव्चे
      Latin script: ghevche
      Kannada script: ಘೆವ್ಛೆ
    - Marathi: घेणे (gheṇe)
Prakrit: 𑀕𑀳𑀇 (gahaï)
- Central:
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Old Awadhi: गहइ (gahai)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: gahnā
      - Hindi: गहना
      - Urdu: گَہنَا
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Bihari:
      - Maithili: गहब (gahab)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Takka Apabhramsa:
      - Punjabi: gahiṇā
        Gurmukhi script: ਗਹਿਣਾ
        Shahmukhi script: گَہِݨَا
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani: gheṇẽ
      Devanagari script: घेणें
      Kannada script: ಘೆನೆಂ
      Latin script: ghennem
    - Marathi: घेणे (gheṇe)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Gujarati: ગ્રહવું (grahvũ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “गृह्णाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 371, column 2.