निर्मल

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit निर्मल (nirmala). By surface analysis, निस्- (nis-) +‎ मल (mal).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /nɪɾ.məl/, [nɪɾ.mɐl]
• Rhymes: -əl

Adjective

निर्मल • (nirmal) (indeclinable)

1. pure, clean

   Synonym: ख़ालिस (xālis)

Noun

निर्मल • (nirmal) f

1. a female given name, Nirmal, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of निर्मल (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलें nirmalẽ
oblique	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलों nirmalõ
vocative	निर्मल nirmal	निर्मलो nirmalo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “निर्मल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /niɾ.mɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪iɾ.mɐ.l̪ɐ/

Adjective

निर्मल • (nirmala) stem

1. spotless, unsullied, clean, pure, shining, replendent, bright
2. sinless, virtuous

Descendants

Descendants

• Pali: nimmala
• Dardic:
  • Domaaki: [script needed] (nimōl)
  • Gawar-Bati: نِمَلَ (nimalá)
• Eastern:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Bhojpuri: नीमन (nīman)
    • Maithili: niman

      Devanagari script: निमन

      Tirhuta script: 𑒢𑒱𑒧𑒢

• Southern:
  • Elu Prakrit:
    • Sinhalese: නිමල (nimala), නිමල් (nimal)
  • Maharashtri Prakrit:
    • ⇒ Old Marathi:

      Devanagari script: निवळणे (nivaḷaṇe)

      Modi script: 𑘡𑘲𑘪𑘯𑘜𑘹 (nīvaḷaṇe)

      • Marathi: निवळणे (nivaḷṇe), निव्वळ (nivvaḷ)
• Central:
  • Shauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani: nīman

      Hindi: नीमन

      Urdu: نِیمَن (nīman)

    • Punjabi: ਨਿੱਮਲ੍ (nimmal), ਨਿਮ੍ਬਾਲ੍ (nimbāl)
• → Dhivehi: ނިރުމަލަ (nirumala)
• → Punjabi: ਨਿਰਮਲੁ (nirmalu)