रूढ
Sanskrit
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
- ৰূঢ (Assamese script)
- ᬭᬹᬠ (Balinese script)
- রূঢ (Bengali script)
- 𑰨𑰳𑰛 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀭𑀽𑀠 (Brahmi script)
- ရူဎ (Burmese script)
- રૂઢ (Gujarati script)
- ਰੂਢ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌰𑍂𑌢 (Grantha script)
- ꦫꦹꦞ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂴𑂛 (Kaithi script)
- ರೂಢ (Kannada script)
- រូឍ (Khmer script)
- ຣູຒ (Lao script)
- രൂഢ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡠᡠᢟᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘨𑘴𑘛 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠤᠤᢎᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧈𑧕𑦻 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐬𑐹𑐝 (Newa script)
- ରୂଢ (Odia script)
- ꢬꢹꢟ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆫𑆷𑆞 (Sharada script)
- 𑖨𑖳𑖛 (Siddham script)
- රූඪ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩼𑩒𑩛𑩩 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚤𑚱𑚗 (Takri script)
- ரூட⁴ (Tamil script)
- రూఢ (Telugu script)
- รูฒ (Thai script)
- རཱུ་ཌྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒩𑒴𑒜 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨃𑨊𑨗 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editAn Old Indo-Aryan continuation of *ruẓḍʰá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”).
The retraction of the sibilant in *ruẓḍʰá was triggered by the application of the RUKI sound law to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás in the Old Indo-Aryan stage. This was a dialectal form with a development parallel to the expected sound change which would have yielded *ruddʰá. For a similar Indo-Aryan development, see Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editरूढ • (rūḍhá) stem
- grown, sprung up, arisen, ascended
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) 6.42.2:
- वनस्पतीनां प्रतिष्ठितो यः समे भूम्यै स्वाद्योने रूढः प्रत्येव तिष्ठति
- vanaspatīnāṃ pratiṣṭhito yaḥ same bhūmyai svādyone rūḍhaḥ pratyeva tiṣṭhati
- Among trees, that tree is well supported which has grown from its own birthplace on level ground and is firm.
- वनस्पतीनां प्रतिष्ठितो यः समे भूम्यै स्वाद्योने रूढः प्रत्येव तिष्ठति
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of रूढ (rūḍhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढः rūḍháḥ |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rūḍhaú / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढाः / रूढासः¹ rūḍhā́ḥ / rūḍhā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | रूढ rū́ḍha |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rū́ḍhau / rū́ḍhā¹ |
रूढाः / रूढासः¹ rū́ḍhāḥ / rū́ḍhāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढौ / रूढा¹ rūḍhaú / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढान् rūḍhā́n |
Instrumental | रूढेन rūḍhéna |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढैः / रूढेभिः¹ rūḍhaíḥ / rūḍhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | रूढाय rūḍhā́ya |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढात् rūḍhā́t |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढस्य rūḍhásya |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढेषु rūḍhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Feminine ā-stem declension of रूढा (rūḍhā́) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढा rūḍhā́ |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढाः rūḍhā́ḥ |
Vocative | रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढाः rū́ḍhāḥ |
Accusative | रूढाम् rūḍhā́m |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढाः rūḍhā́ḥ |
Instrumental | रूढया / रूढा¹ rūḍháyā / rūḍhā́¹ |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभिः rūḍhā́bhiḥ |
Dative | रूढायै rūḍhā́yai |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभ्यः rūḍhā́bhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढायाः / रूढायै² rūḍhā́yāḥ / rūḍhā́yai² |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढाभ्यः rūḍhā́bhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढायाः / रूढायै² rūḍhā́yāḥ / rūḍhā́yai² |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढायाम् rūḍhā́yām |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढासु rūḍhā́su |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of रूढ (rūḍhá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rūḍhā́ni / rūḍhā́¹ |
Vocative | रूढ rū́ḍha |
रूढे rū́ḍhe |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rū́ḍhāni / rū́ḍhā¹ |
Accusative | रूढम् rūḍhám |
रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढानि / रूढा¹ rūḍhā́ni / rūḍhā́¹ |
Instrumental | रूढेन rūḍhéna |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढैः / रूढेभिः¹ rūḍhaíḥ / rūḍhébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | रूढाय rūḍhā́ya |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Ablative | रूढात् rūḍhā́t |
रूढाभ्याम् rūḍhā́bhyām |
रूढेभ्यः rūḍhébhyaḥ |
Genitive | रूढस्य rūḍhásya |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढानाम् rūḍhā́nām |
Locative | रूढे rūḍhé |
रूढयोः rūḍháyoḥ |
रूढेषु rūḍhéṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “रूढ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0885.
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations