श्रयति

See also: श्रायति

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śráyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with English lean and Latin clīnō.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɾɐ́.jɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɾɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

श्रयति • (śráyati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type UP, root श्रि)

1. to cause to lean or rest on, lay on or in, fix on, fasten to, direct or turn towards, (especially) spread or diffuse (light or radiance or beauty) over (+ locative)
2. to lean on, rest on, recline against (+ accusative), cling to (+ locative), be supported or fixed or depend on, abide in or on (+ accusative, locative or adverb)
3. to go to, approach, resort or have recourse to (for help or refuge), tend towards (+ accusative)
4. to go into, enter, fall to the lot or take possession of (+ accusative or locative)
5. to attain, undergo, get into any state or condition (+ accusative)
6. to assume
7. to show, betray (heroism)
8. to honour, worship

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: श्रयितुम् (śráyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	श्रयितुम् śráyitum
Gerund	श्रित्वा śritvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	श्रयितव्य / श्रनीय śrayitavyà / śranī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	श्रयितव्या / श्रनीया śrayitavyā̀ / śranī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	श्रित śritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	श्रिता śritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	श्रितवत् śritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	श्रितवती śritávatī

Present: श्रयति (śráyati), श्रयते (śráyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	श्रयति śráyati	श्रयतः śráyataḥ	श्रयन्ति śráyanti	श्रयते śráyate	श्रयेते śráyete	श्रयन्ते śráyante
Second	श्रयसि śráyasi	श्रयथः śráyathaḥ	श्रयथ śráyatha	श्रयसे śráyase	श्रयेथे śráyethe	श्रयध्वे śráyadhve
First	श्रयामि śráyāmi	श्रयावः śráyāvaḥ	श्रयामः / श्रयामसि¹ śráyāmaḥ / śráyāmasi¹	श्रये śráye	श्रयावहे śráyāvahe	श्रयामहे śráyāmahe
Imperative
Third	श्रयतु śráyatu	श्रयताम् śráyatām	श्रयन्तु śráyantu	श्रयताम् śráyatām	श्रयेताम् śráyetām	श्रयन्ताम् śráyantām
Second	श्रय śráya	श्रयतम् śráyatam	श्रयत śráyata	श्रयस्व śráyasva	श्रयेथाम् śráyethām	श्रयध्वम् śráyadhvam
First	श्रयाणि śráyāṇi	श्रयाव śráyāva	श्रयाम śráyāma	श्रयै śráyai	श्रयावहै śráyāvahai	श्रयामहै śráyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	श्रयेत् śráyet	श्रयेताम् śráyetām	श्रयेयुः śráyeyuḥ	श्रयेत śráyeta	श्रयेयाताम् śráyeyātām	श्रयेरन् śráyeran
Second	श्रयेः śráyeḥ	श्रयेतम् śráyetam	श्रयेत śráyeta	श्रयेथाः śráyethāḥ	श्रयेयाथाम् śráyeyāthām	श्रयेध्वम् śráyedhvam
First	श्रयेयम् śráyeyam	श्रयेव śráyeva	श्रयेम śráyema	श्रयेय śráyeya	श्रयेवहि śráyevahi	श्रयेमहि śráyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	श्रयात् / श्रयाति śráyāt / śráyāti	श्रयातः śráyātaḥ	श्रयान् śráyān	श्रयाते / श्रयातै śráyāte / śráyātai	श्रयैते śráyaite	श्रयन्त / श्रयान्तै śráyanta / śráyāntai
Second	श्रयाः / श्रयासि śráyāḥ / śráyāsi	श्रयाथः śráyāthaḥ	श्रयाथ śráyātha	श्रयासे / श्रयासै śráyāse / śráyāsai	श्रयैथे śráyaithe	श्रयाध्वै śráyādhvai
First	श्रयाणि śráyāṇi	श्रयाव śráyāva	श्रयाम śráyāma	श्रयै śráyai	श्रयावहै śráyāvahai	श्रयामहै śráyāmahai
Participles
	श्रयत् śráyat			श्रयमाण śráyamāṇa
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अश्रयत् (áśrayat), अश्रयत (áśrayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अश्रयत् áśrayat	अश्रयताम् áśrayatām	अश्रयन् áśrayan	अश्रयत áśrayata	अश्रयेताम् áśrayetām	अश्रयन्त áśrayanta
Second	अश्रयः áśrayaḥ	अश्रयतम् áśrayatam	अश्रयत áśrayata	अश्रयथाः áśrayathāḥ	अश्रयेथाम् áśrayethām	अश्रयध्वम् áśrayadhvam
First	अश्रयम् áśrayam	अश्रयाव áśrayāva	अश्रयाम áśrayāma	अश्रये áśraye	अश्रयावहि áśrayāvahi	अश्रयामहि áśrayāmahi

Future: श्रयिष्यति (śrayiṣyáti), श्रयिष्यते (śrayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	श्रयिष्यति śrayiṣyáti	श्रयिष्यतः śrayiṣyátaḥ	श्रयिष्यन्ति śrayiṣyánti	श्रयिष्यते śrayiṣyáte	श्रयिष्येते śrayiṣyéte	श्रयिष्यन्ते śrayiṣyánte
Second	श्रयिष्यसि śrayiṣyási	श्रयिष्यथः śrayiṣyáthaḥ	श्रयिष्यथ śrayiṣyátha	श्रयिष्यसे śrayiṣyáse	श्रयिष्येथे śrayiṣyéthe	श्रयिष्यध्वे śrayiṣyádhve
First	श्रयिष्यामि śrayiṣyā́mi	श्रयिष्यावः śrayiṣyā́vaḥ	श्रयिष्यामः / श्रयिष्यामसि¹ śrayiṣyā́maḥ / śrayiṣyā́masi¹	श्रयिष्ये śrayiṣyé	श्रयिष्यावहे śrayiṣyā́vahe	श्रयिष्यामहे śrayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	श्रयिष्यत् śrayiṣyát			श्रयिष्यमाण śrayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अश्रयिष्यत् (áśrayiṣyat), अश्रयिष्यत (áśrayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अश्रयिष्यत् áśrayiṣyat	अश्रयिष्यताम् áśrayiṣyatām	अश्रयिष्यन् áśrayiṣyan	अश्रयिष्यत áśrayiṣyata	अश्रयिष्येताम् áśrayiṣyetām	अश्रयिष्यन्त áśrayiṣyanta
Second	अश्रयिष्यः áśrayiṣyaḥ	अश्रयिष्यतम् áśrayiṣyatam	अश्रयिष्यत áśrayiṣyata	अश्रयिष्यथाः áśrayiṣyathāḥ	अश्रयिष्येथाम् áśrayiṣyethām	अश्रयिष्यध्वम् áśrayiṣyadhvam
First	अश्रयिष्यम् áśrayiṣyam	अश्रयिष्याव áśrayiṣyāva	अश्रयिष्याम áśrayiṣyāma	अश्रयिष्ये áśrayiṣye	अश्रयिष्यावहि áśrayiṣyāvahi	अश्रयिष्यामहि áśrayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: शृयात् (śṛyā́t) or शृयाः (śṛyā́ḥ), श्रयिषीष्ट (śrayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	शृयात् / शृयाः¹ śṛyā́t / śṛyā́ḥ¹	शृयास्ताम् śṛyā́stām	शृयासुः śṛyā́suḥ	श्रयिषीष्ट śrayiṣīṣṭá	श्रयिषीयास्ताम्² śrayiṣīyā́stām²	श्रयिषीरन् śrayiṣīrán
Second	शृयाः śṛyā́ḥ	शृयास्तम् śṛyā́stam	शृयास्त śṛyā́sta	श्रयिषीष्ठाः śrayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	श्रयिषीयास्थाम्² śrayiṣīyā́sthām²	श्रयिषीढ्वम् śrayiṣīḍhvám
First	शृयासम् śṛyā́sam	शृयास्व śṛyā́sva	शृयास्म śṛyā́sma	श्रयिषीय śrayiṣīyá	श्रयिषीवहि śrayiṣīváhi	श्रयिषीमहि śrayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: श्रयामास (śrayā́mā́sa) or श्रयांचकार (śrayā́ṃcakā́ra), श्रयांचक्रे (śrayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	श्रयामास / श्रयांचकार śrayā́mā́sa / śrayā́ṃcakā́ra	श्रयामासतुः / श्रयांचक्रतुः śrayā́māsátuḥ / śrayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	श्रयामासुः / श्रयांचक्रुः śrayā́māsúḥ / śrayā́ṃcakrúḥ	श्रयांचक्रे śrayā́ṃcakré	श्रयांचक्राते śrayā́ṃcakrā́te	श्रयांचक्रिरे śrayā́ṃcakriré
Second	श्रयामासिथ / श्रयांचकर्थ śrayā́mā́sitha / śrayā́ṃcakártha	श्रयामासथुः / श्रयांचक्रथुः śrayā́māsáthuḥ / śrayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	श्रयामास / श्रयांचक्र śrayā́māsá / śrayā́ṃcakrá	श्रयांचकृषे śrayā́ṃcakṛṣé	श्रयांचक्राथे śrayā́ṃcakrā́the	श्रयांचकृध्वे śrayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	श्रयामास / श्रयांचकर śrayā́mā́sa / śrayā́ṃcakára	श्रयामासिव / श्रयांचकृव śrayā́māsivá / śrayā́ṃcakṛvá	श्रयामासिम / श्रयांचकृम śrayā́māsimá / śrayā́ṃcakṛmá	श्रयांचक्रे śrayā́ṃcakré	श्रयांचकृवहे śrayā́ṃcakṛváhe	श्रयांचकृमहे śrayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	श्रयामासिवांस् / श्रयांचकृवांस् śrayā́māsivā́ṃs / śrayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			श्रयांचक्राण śrayā́ṃcakrāṇá

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “श्रयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1098/2.