हिङ्गु

Sanskrit

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Iranian *Hángwr̥ (“extract, resin”), with an unexpected shift from *a to i, from the derivation *Hanguǰatu of which Iranian terms for asafoetida derive.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦiŋ.ɡú/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɦiŋ.ɡu/

Noun

हिङ्गु • (hiṅgú) stem, m ^[1]

asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida)
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa
a kind of liquid made from the roots of asafoetida

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हिङ्गुः hiṅguḥ	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गवः hiṅgavaḥ
Vocative	हिङ्गो hiṅgo	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गवः hiṅgavaḥ
Accusative	हिङ्गुम् hiṅgum	हिङ्गू hiṅgū	हिङ्गून् hiṅgūn
Instrumental	हिङ्गुना / हिङ्ग्वा¹ hiṅgunā / hiṅgvā¹	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभिः hiṅgubhiḥ
Dative	हिङ्गवे hiṅgave	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभ्यः hiṅgubhyaḥ
Ablative	हिङ्गोः hiṅgoḥ	हिङ्गुभ्याम् hiṅgubhyām	हिङ्गुभ्यः hiṅgubhyaḥ
Genitive	हिङ्गोः hiṅgoḥ	हिङ्ग्वोः hiṅgvoḥ	हिङ्गूनाम् hiṅgūnām
Locative	हिङ्गौ hiṅgau	हिङ्ग्वोः hiṅgvoḥ	हिङ्गुषु hiṅguṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

→ Balinese: ᬳᬶᬂᬕᬸ
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: یَنٛگہٕ (yangụ)
→ Middle Chinese: 形虞 (MC heng ngju)
- Mandarin: 形虞 (xíngyú)
→ Middle Chinese: 興蕖 (MC xing gjo)
- Mandarin: 興蕖／兴蕖 (xīngqú)
Pali: hiṅgu
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀼 (hiṃgu)
- Gujarati: હિંગ (hiṅg)
- Hindi: हींग (hīṅg)
- Nepali: हिङ (hiṅ)
Marathi: हिंग (hiṅga)
→ Burmese: ရှိန်းခို (hrin:hkui)
- → Jingpho: hkying hku
- → Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)
Lepcha: ᰝᰬᰵ (heng)
Odia: ହଂଗ୍ (haṅg), ହିଙ୍ଗୁ (hiṅgu)
→ Kannada: ಇಂಗು (iṅgu)
→ Tamil: இங்கு (iṅku)

Borrowed terms

Terms borrowed from हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)

Chinese: 形虞 (xíngyú)
- Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)
- Tibetan: ཤིང་ཀུན། (shing kun)
Proto-Dravidian:
- Kannada: ಇಂಗು (iṅgu)
- Telugu: ఇంగువ (iṅguva)
Nepali: हिङ (hiṅ)
Persian: هینگ (hing)
Semnani: [script needed] (xing, “sage”), [script needed] (hīng, “asafoetida”) (Afdari)
Sogdian:^[2]
Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾynkw /⁠inku⁠/)
Tajik: (Ferula teterrima)
Badakhshan: йинг (ying), инг (ing)

Darvoz: ҳинги бадбуй (hing-i badbuy)
Wakhi: [script needed] (ying), [script needed] (ing)

References

^ Monier Williams (1899) “हिङ्गु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1298.
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾynkw”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 87b