Laz edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

According to Aleksiva was borrowed from Mingrelian ქიჸანა (kiʾana, country), but when borrowed, its meaning was accepted as "world", not "country". It is an obvious transmission error. The word ქიანა (kiana) is not found in written texts before Guram Kartozia's 1993 book Laz Texts II. It is not found in Kutelia's fairy tale book (Lazuri P̆araitepe 1982), or in Sergi Jğent̆i's texts (Ç̆anuri T̆ekst̆ebi, 1938). It is also absent in Chitashi's texts. The word ქიანა (kiana) is not found in Marr, Ačaṙyan, Rosen, or Kartozia's first text book of 1974, in Chikobava's texts, Dumézil, or Qipşidze. The person who introduced the word to Laz is probably Hasan Helimishi. Ç̆andaş Gverdi (1949) uses the expression ქიანაშ დიდი კაბღა (kianaş didi ǩabğa, the great world war) in his play. Likewise "სულტანი მტელ ქიანას ("sulťani mťel kianas, the sultan of all the world) in his lines confirms that ქიანა (kiana) is used in the sense of the world. The word ქიანა (kiana) was known and spread among the Laz intelligentsia along with the poems of Helimishi. Tandilava also suggests borrowing from Mingrelian.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /kʲiˈ(j)ɑnɑ/
  • Hyphenation: ქი‧ა‧ნა

Noun edit

ქიანა (kiana) (Latin spelling kiana)

  1. world, earth
    Synonym: დუნჲა (dunya)
    მთელ კოჩიზ, სერბესლუღითე ოსქიდუ შენი ქიანაზ ნა-გოლულუნ სოსიალი დო იდარი ნიზამიშა ხაკკი უღუნ
    mtel ǩoçiz, serbesluğite oskidu şeni kianaz na-golulun sosiali do idari nizamişa xaǩǩi uğun
    Every person has the right to have a valid social and administrative order in the world in order to live freely
  2. (Vitse) the place in a village where people gather and chat

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • Aleksiva, Irfan Çağatay (2020), ““Kiana” ne dünyası?”, in Jineps[1] (in Turkish), retrieved 2022-08-25
  • Bucaklişi, İsmail Avcı; Uzunhasanoğlu, Hasan; Aleksiva, Irfan (2007), “kiana”, in Büyük Lazca Sözlük / Didi Lazuri Nenapuna [Great Laz Dictionary] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Chiviyazıları, pages 396–397
  • Kojima, Gôichi (2012–), “kiana”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı (in Turkish)
  • Tandilava, Ali (2013), “ქიანა”, in Merab Čuxua, Natela Kutelia, Lile Tandilava, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Lazuri leksiḳoni [Laz Dictionary], online version prepared by Levan Vašaḳiʒe, Tbilisi