ṯrm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈcaːɾam/ → /ˈt͡ʃaːɾam/ → /ˈt͡ʃaːɾəm/ → /ˈt͡ʃoːɾəm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈcaːɾam/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaːɾam/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaːɾəm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃoːɾəm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɛrɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: tjerem

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to wink, to blink [Coffin Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of ṯrm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ṯrm, geminated stem: ṯrmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ṯrm	ṯrmw, ṯrm	ṯrmt	ṯrm	ṯrm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ṯrm	ḥr ṯrm	m ṯrm	r ṯrm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ṯrm.n	consecutive	ṯrm.jn
terminative	ṯrmt
perfective3	ṯrm	obligative1	ṯrm.ḫr
imperfective	ṯrm
prospective3	ṯrm	potentialis1	ṯrm.kꜣ
subjunctive	ṯrm

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ṯrm.n	—	—
perfective	ṯrm	ṯrm	ṯrm, ṯrmw5, ṯrmy5
imperfective	ṯrm, ṯrmy, ṯrmw5	ṯrm, ṯrmj6, ṯrmy6	ṯrm, ṯrmw5
prospective	ṯrm, ṯrmtj7	ṯrmtj4, ṯrmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲱⲣⲙⲉ (čōrme)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲱⲣⲉⲙ (cōrem)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱⲣⲙ (čōrm)

References

• Dickson, Paul (2006) Dictionary of Middle Egyptian in Gardiner Classification Order‎^[1]
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 387