ἧπαρ

See also: ήπαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *yêkʷər, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.par/ → /ˈi.par/ → /ˈi.par/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɛ̂ː.par/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)e̝.par/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.par/

Noun

ἧπᾰρ • (hêpar) n (genitive ἥπᾰτος); third declension

1. liver

Declension

Third declension of τὸ ἧπᾰρ; τοῦ ἥπᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpar	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpate	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tà hḗpata
Genitive	τοῦ ἥπᾰτος toû hḗpatos	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpátoin	τῶν ἡπᾰ́των tôn hēpátōn
Dative	τῷ ἥπᾰτῐ tôi hḗpati	τοῖν ἡπᾰ́τοιν toîn hēpátoin	τοῖς ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν toîs hḗpasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ἧπᾰρ tò hêpar	τὼ ἥπᾰτε tṑ hḗpate	τᾰ̀ ἥπᾰτᾰ tà hḗpata
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpar	ἥπᾰτε hḗpate	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἧπᾰρ; ἥπᾰτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἧπᾰρ hêpar	ἥπᾰτε hḗpate	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpata
Genitive	ἥπᾰτος hḗpatos	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν hēpátoiin	ἡπᾰ́των hēpátōn
Dative	ἥπᾰτῐ hḗpati	ἡπᾰ́τοιῐν hēpátoiin	ἥπᾰσῐ / ἥπᾰσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσσῐν / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐ / ἡπᾰ́τεσῐν hḗpasi(n) / hēpátessi(n) / hēpátesi(n)
Accusative	ἧπᾰρ hêpar	ἥπᾰτε hḗpate	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpata
Vocative	ἧπᾰρ hêpar	ἥπᾰτε hḗpate	ἥπᾰτᾰ hḗpata
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• English: hepato-, hepar
• Greek: ήπαρ (ípar)
• Latin: hēpar

Further reading

• “ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἧπαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἧπαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἧπαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἧπαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἧπαρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • bosom idem, page 90.
  • breast idem, page 96.
  • heart idem, page 392.
  • liver idem, page 496.
  • reins idem, page 688.
  • soul idem, page 796.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN