ὑπακούω

See also: υπακούω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) +‎ ἀκούω (akoúō, “to listen”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hy.pa.kǔː.ɔː/ → /y.paˈku.o/ → /i.paˈku.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy.pa.kǔː.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)y.paˈku.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /y.paˈku.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /y.paˈku.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i.paˈku.o/

Verb

ῠ̔πᾰκούω • (hupakoúō)

1. (absolute) to listen, hearken, give ear
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.4
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.485
   • 7th–6th centuries BC, Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 180
   • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 318
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 56
   1. to make answer when called
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.283
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.83
      • 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 400
      • 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 273
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Theocritus, Collected Works 13.59
      • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 112
      • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 878
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 360
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 3.4
      • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Timarchus 49
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 266
   2. (with the genitive of object) to listen or hearken to, give ear to, heed, attend to
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 162D
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.20
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 708D
      • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 459C
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1333A.18
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 5.98
      • 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 6.247D
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.148
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.119
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 325A
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.3
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.29
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 774B
2. (special senses)
   1. (of porters) to answer a knock at the door
      • 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43A
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 59E
      • New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 12:13
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 4.9
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Characters 28.3
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 1.11
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Evergus and Mnesibulus 35
   2. (of a judge) to listen to a complaint
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.18
      • 4th century BC, Isaeus, Nicostratus 28
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 257
      • 390 BCE – 322 BCE, Hyperides, In Defence of Euxenippus 2
   3. (of dependents, subjects) to obey, submit to
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.101
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.56
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.82
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.61
      • 90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 35
   4. to answer one's expectations, to succeed
      • 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Icaromenippus 10
      • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.1.23
   5. (figuratively) to be subject to the sun's rays
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 3.24
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 1.15.1
      • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 5.4.2
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.68
   6. (of ailments) to yield, give way to a remedy
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 3.8
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.354
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Prorrhetics 2.39
      • 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.122
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.439
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Theseus 1
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Archytas, Collected Works 1
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.802B
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Epidemics 4.45
      • 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.62
   7. to concede a point in a dispute
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 161B.15
3. to understand under
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 31C
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.23C
   • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, On Poems 5.35
   1. (grammar) to understand a word omitted
      • 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Syntax 22.21
      • 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 68.15

Inflection

   Present: ὑπᾰκούω, ὑπᾰκούομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπᾰκούω	ὑπᾰκούεις	ὑπᾰκούει	ὑπᾰκούετον	ὑπᾰκούετον	ὑπᾰκούομεν	ὑπᾰκούετε	ὑπᾰκούουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκούω	ὑπᾰκούῃς	ὑπᾰκούῃ	ὑπᾰκούητον	ὑπᾰκούητον	ὑπᾰκούωμεν	ὑπᾰκούητε	ὑπᾰκούωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπᾰκούοιμῐ	ὑπᾰκούοις	ὑπᾰκούοι	ὑπᾰκούοιτον	ὑπᾰκουοίτην	ὑπᾰκούοιμεν	ὑπᾰκούοιτε	ὑπᾰκούοιεν
	imperative		ὑπᾰ́κουε	ὑπᾰκουέτω	ὑπᾰκούετον	ὑπᾰκουέτων		ὑπᾰκούετε	ὑπᾰκουόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ὑπᾰκούομαι	ὑπᾰκούῃ, ὑπᾰκούει	ὑπᾰκούεται	ὑπᾰκούεσθον	ὑπᾰκούεσθον	ὑπᾰκουόμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούεσθε	ὑπᾰκούονται
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκούωμαι	ὑπᾰκούῃ	ὑπᾰκούηται	ὑπᾰκούησθον	ὑπᾰκούησθον	ὑπᾰκουώμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούησθε	ὑπᾰκούωνται
	optative	ὑπᾰκουοίμην	ὑπᾰκούοιο	ὑπᾰκούοιτο	ὑπᾰκούοισθον	ὑπᾰκουοίσθην	ὑπᾰκουοίμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούοισθε	ὑπᾰκούοιντο
	imperative		ὑπᾰκούου	ὑπᾰκουέσθω	ὑπᾰκούεσθον	ὑπᾰκουέσθων		ὑπᾰκούεσθε	ὑπᾰκουέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ὑπᾰκούειν				ὑπᾰκούεσθαι
participle	m	ὑπᾰκούων				ὑπᾰκουόμενος
	f	ὑπᾰκούουσᾰ				ὑπᾰκουομένη
	n	ὑπᾰκοῦον				ὑπᾰκουόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ὑπήκουον, ὑπηκουόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπήκουον	ὑπήκουες	ὑπήκουε(ν)	ὑπηκούετον	ὑπηκουέτην	ὑπηκούομεν	ὑπηκούετε	ὑπήκουον
middle/ passive	indicative	ὑπηκουόμην	ὑπηκούου	ὑπηκούετο	ὑπηκούεσθον	ὑπηκουέσθην	ὑπηκουόμεθᾰ	ὑπηκούεσθε	ὑπηκούοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ὑπᾰκούσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ὑπᾰκούσομαι	ὑπᾰκούσῃ, ὑπᾰκούσει	ὑπᾰκούσεται	ὑπᾰκούσεσθον	ὑπᾰκούσεσθον	ὑπᾰκουσόμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούσεσθε	ὑπᾰκούσονται
	optative	ὑπᾰκουσοίμην	ὑπᾰκούσοιο	ὑπᾰκούσοιτο	ὑπᾰκούσοισθον	ὑπᾰκουσοίσθην	ὑπᾰκουσοίμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούσοισθε	ὑπᾰκούσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ὑπᾰκούσεσθαι
participle	m				ὑπᾰκουσόμενος
	f				ὑπᾰκουσομένη
	n				ὑπᾰκουσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ὑπήκουσᾰ, ὑπηκουσᾰ́μην, ὑπηκούσθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπήκουσᾰ	ὑπήκουσᾰς	ὑπήκουσε(ν)	ὑπηκούσᾰτον	ὑπηκουσᾰ́την	ὑπηκούσᾰμεν	ὑπηκούσᾰτε	ὑπήκουσᾰν
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκούσω	ὑπᾰκούσῃς	ὑπᾰκούσῃ	ὑπᾰκούσητον	ὑπᾰκούσητον	ὑπᾰκούσωμεν	ὑπᾰκούσητε	ὑπᾰκούσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπᾰκούσαιμῐ	ὑπᾰκούσειᾰς, ὑπᾰκούσαις	ὑπᾰκούσειε(ν), ὑπᾰκούσαι	ὑπᾰκούσαιτον	ὑπᾰκουσαίτην	ὑπᾰκούσαιμεν	ὑπᾰκούσαιτε	ὑπᾰκούσειᾰν, ὑπᾰκούσαιεν
	imperative		ὑπᾰ́κουσον	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́τω	ὑπᾰκούσᾰτον	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́των		ὑπᾰκούσᾰτε	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ὑπηκουσᾰ́μην	ὑπηκούσω	ὑπηκούσᾰτο	ὑπηκούσᾰσθον	ὑπηκουσᾰ́σθην	ὑπηκουσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ὑπηκούσᾰσθε	ὑπηκούσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκούσωμαι	ὑπᾰκούσῃ	ὑπᾰκούσηται	ὑπᾰκούσησθον	ὑπᾰκούσησθον	ὑπᾰκουσώμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούσησθε	ὑπᾰκούσωνται
	optative	ὑπᾰκουσαίμην	ὑπᾰκούσαιο	ὑπᾰκούσαιτο	ὑπᾰκούσαισθον	ὑπᾰκουσαίσθην	ὑπᾰκουσαίμεθᾰ	ὑπᾰκούσαισθε	ὑπᾰκούσαιντο
	imperative		ὑπᾰ́κουσαι	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́σθω	ὑπᾰκούσᾰσθον	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́σθων		ὑπᾰκούσᾰσθε	ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ὑπηκούσθην	ὑπηκούσθης	ὑπηκούσθη	ὑπηκούσθητον	ὑπηκουσθήτην	ὑπηκούσθημεν	ὑπηκούσθητε	ὑπηκούσθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκουσθῶ	ὑπᾰκουσθῇς	ὑπᾰκουσθῇ	ὑπᾰκουσθῆτον	ὑπᾰκουσθῆτον	ὑπᾰκουσθῶμεν	ὑπᾰκουσθῆτε	ὑπᾰκουσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπᾰκουσθείην	ὑπᾰκουσθείης	ὑπᾰκουσθείη	ὑπᾰκουσθεῖτον, ὑπᾰκουσθείητον	ὑπᾰκουσθείτην, ὑπᾰκουσθειήτην	ὑπᾰκουσθεῖμεν, ὑπᾰκουσθείημεν	ὑπᾰκουσθεῖτε, ὑπᾰκουσθείητε	ὑπᾰκουσθεῖεν, ὑπᾰκουσθείησᾰν
	imperative		ὑπᾰκούσθητῐ	ὑπᾰκουσθήτω	ὑπᾰκούσθητον	ὑπᾰκουσθήτων		ὑπᾰκούσθητε	ὑπᾰκουσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ὑπᾰκοῦσαι			ὑπᾰκούσᾰσθαι		ὑπᾰκουσθῆναι
participle	m	ὑπᾰκούσᾱς			ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́μενος		ὑπᾰκουσθείς
	f	ὑπᾰκούσᾱσᾰ			ὑπᾰκουσᾰμένη		ὑπᾰκουσθεῖσᾰ
	n	ὑπᾰκοῦσᾰν			ὑπᾰκουσᾰ́μενον		ὑπᾰκουσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ὑπᾰκήκοᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπᾰκήκοᾰ	ὑπᾰκήκοᾰς	ὑπᾰκήκοε(ν)	ὑπᾰκηκόᾰτον	ὑπᾰκηκόᾰτον	ὑπᾰκηκόᾰμεν	ὑπᾰκηκόᾰτε	ὑπᾰκηκόᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ὑπᾰκηκόω	ὑπᾰκηκόῃς	ὑπᾰκηκόῃ	ὑπᾰκηκόητον	ὑπᾰκηκόητον	ὑπᾰκηκόωμεν	ὑπᾰκηκόητε	ὑπᾰκηκόωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ὑπᾰκηκόοιμῐ, ὑπᾰκηκοοίην	ὑπᾰκηκόοις, ὑπᾰκηκοοίης	ὑπᾰκηκόοι, ὑπᾰκηκοοίη	ὑπᾰκηκόοιτον	ὑπᾰκηκοοίτην	ὑπᾰκηκόοιμεν	ὑπᾰκηκόοιτε	ὑπᾰκηκόοιεν
	imperative		ὑπᾰκήκοε	ὑπᾰκηκοέτω	ὑπᾰκηκόετον	ὑπᾰκηκοέτων		ὑπᾰκηκόετε	ὑπᾰκηκοόντων
		active
infinitive		ὑπᾰκηκοέναι
participle	m	ὑπᾰκηκοώς
	f	ὑπᾰκηκουῖᾰ
	n	ὑπᾰκηκοός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ὑπᾰκηκόειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ὑπᾰκηκόειν, ὑπᾰκηκόη	ὑπᾰκηκόεις, ὑπᾰκηκόης	ὑπᾰκηκόει(ν)	ὑπᾰκηκόετον	ὑπᾰκηκοέτην	ὑπᾰκηκόεμεν	ὑπᾰκηκόετε	ὑπᾰκηκόεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

• Greek: υπακούω (ypakoúo)

Further reading

• “ὑπακούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὑπακούω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὑπακούω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὑπακούω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὑπακούω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὑπακούω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5219 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible