ⲥϧⲁⲓ

Coptic

Egyptian scribe's writing tools

Alternative forms

• ⲥⳉⲉⲉⲓ (sxeei) — Akhmimic
• ⲥϩⲉⲓ (shei) — Fayyumic
• ⲥϩⲉⲉⲓ (sheei) — Lycopolitan
• ⲥϩⲁⲓ (shai) — Sahidic

Etymology

From Demotic sẖ (“to write”), from Egyptian (zẖꜣ, “to write, to paint”).

Verb

ⲥϧⲁⲓ • (sxai) (nominal state ⲥϧⲉ-, pronominal state ⲥϧⲏⲧ⸗, stative ⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ)

1. (Bohairic) to write

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ⲥϧⲁⲓ (Bohairic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai	imperative	affirmative	ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai
	negative	ϣⲧⲉⲙⲥϧⲁⲓ štemsxai		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀persxai

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲥϧⲁⲓ tisxai	ⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ksxai	ⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ tesxai	ϥⲥϧⲁⲓ fsxai	ⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ssxai	ⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tensxai	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tetensxai	ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ sesxai	ⲥϧⲁⲓ sxai
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ eisxai	ⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eksxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eresxai	ⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ efsxai	ⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ essxai	ⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ensxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eretensxai	ⲉⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ eusxai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- sxai
	relative		ⲉϯⲥϧⲁⲓ etisxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eteksxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etesxai	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etefsxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etessxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etensxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etetensxai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etousxai	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ete- sxai
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ naisxai	ⲛⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ naksxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ naresxai	ⲛⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nafsxai	ⲛⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nassxai	ⲛⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nansxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ naretensxai	ⲛⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nausxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nare- sxai
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai	ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai	ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai	ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai	ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretensxai	ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ are- sxai
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tinasxai	ⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ khnasxai	ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ terasxai	ϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ fnasxai	ⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ snasxai	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tennasxai	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ tetennasxai	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ senasxai	ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nasxai
	circumstantial		ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ einasxai	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ekhnasxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ erenasxai	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ efnasxai	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ esnasxai	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ennasxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ eretennasxai	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ eunasxai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- nasxai
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etinasxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etekhnasxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etenasxai	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etefnasxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etesnasxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etennasxai	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etetennasxai	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ etounasxai	ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ete- nasxai
	preterite		ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nainasxai	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nakhnasxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ narenasxai	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nafnasxai	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nasnasxai	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nannasxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ naretennasxai	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ naunasxai	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ nare- nasxai
	focalising		ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ainasxai	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ akhnasxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ arenasxai	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ afnasxai	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ asnasxai	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ annasxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ aretennasxai	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ aunasxai	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ are- nasxai
negated with			(ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai	ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai	ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai	ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai	ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ atetensxai	ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai	ⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ a- sxai
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pisxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀peksxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pesxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pefsxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pessxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pensxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀petensxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pousxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pe- sxai
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ eaisxai	ⲉⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ eaksxai	ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ earesxai	ⲉⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ eafsxai	ⲉⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ eassxai	ⲉⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eansxai	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ eatetensxai	ⲉⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ eausxai	ⲉⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ea- sxai
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pisxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀peksxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pesxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pefsxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pessxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀petensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pousxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pe- sxai
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etaisxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etaksxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etaresxai	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etafsxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etassxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etansxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etaretensxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etausxai	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ eta- sxai
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pisxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀peksxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pesxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pefsxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pessxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pensxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀petensxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pousxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pe- sxai
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ neaisxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ neaksxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nearesxai	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ neafsxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ neassxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ neansxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ neatetensxai	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ neausxai	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nea- sxai
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pisxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀peksxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pesxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pefsxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pessxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pensxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀petensxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pousxai	ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nem̀pe- sxai
	focalising, precursive	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etaisxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etaksxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etaresxai	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etafsxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etassxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etansxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etaretensxai	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etausxai	ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ eta- sxai
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patisxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pateksxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patesxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patefsxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patessxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patensxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patetensxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀patousxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pate- sxai
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patisxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pateksxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patesxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patefsxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patessxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patetensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀patousxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pate- sxai
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patisxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pateksxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patesxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patefsxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patessxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patensxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patetensxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀patousxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pate- sxai
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patisxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pateksxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patesxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patefsxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patessxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patensxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patetensxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀patousxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pate- sxai
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ šaisxai	ϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ šaksxai	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ šaresxai	ϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ šafsxai	ϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ šassxai	ϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šansxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatetensxai	ϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ šausxai	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ šare- sxai
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paisxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paksxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paresxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pafsxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀passxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pansxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀paretensxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pausxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀pare- sxai
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaisxai	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaksxai	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ešaresxai	ⲉϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ešafsxai	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ešassxai	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ešansxai	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ešatetensxai	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ešausxai	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ešare- sxai
		negative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paisxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paksxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paresxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pafsxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀passxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pansxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paretensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pausxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pare- sxai
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaisxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaksxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etšaresxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etšafsxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etšassxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etšansxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etšatetensxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etšausxai	ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etšare- sxai
		negative	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paisxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paksxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paresxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pafsxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀passxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pansxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀paretensxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pausxai	ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ etm̀pare- sxai
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ našaisxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ našaksxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ našaresxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ našafsxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ našassxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ našansxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ našatetensxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ našausxai	ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ našare- sxai
		negative	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paisxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paksxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paresxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pafsxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀passxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pansxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀paretensxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pausxai	ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ nam̀pare- sxai
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paisxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paksxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paresxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pafsxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀passxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pansxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀paretensxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pausxai	ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ em̀pare- sxai
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eiesxai	ⲉⲕⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ekesxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eresxai	ⲉϥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ efesxai	ⲉⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ esesxai	ⲉⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ enesxai	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ eretenesxai	ⲉⲩⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ euesxai	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ere- sxai
		negative	ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnasxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹneksxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnesxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnefsxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnessxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnensxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnetensxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹnousxai	ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹne- sxai
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ marisxai	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ marefsxai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ maressxai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ marensxai	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ marousxai	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ mare- sxai
		negative	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrisxai			ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrefsxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthressxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthrensxai		ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthreusxai	ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ m̀penthre- sxai
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtasxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹteksxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtesxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtefsxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtessxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtensxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹtetensxai	ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹsesxai, ǹtousxai	ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ ǹte- sxai
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ tarisxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ tareksxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ taresxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ tarefsxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ taressxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ tarensxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ taretensxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ tarousxai	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ tare- sxai
limitative			ϣⲁϯⲥϧⲁⲓ šatisxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ šateksxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ šatesxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ šatefsxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ šatessxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatensxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ šatetensxai	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ šatousxai	ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ šate- sxai
conditional	long		ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aišansxai	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ akšansxai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ arešansxai	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ afšansxai	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ asšansxai	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ anšansxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretenšansxai	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aušansxai	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ arešan- sxai
	short		ⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ aisxai	ⲁⲕⲥϧⲁⲓ aksxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ aresxai	ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ afsxai	ⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ assxai	ⲁⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ ansxai	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥϧⲁⲓ aretensxai	ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ausxai	ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲥϧⲁⲓ are- sxai
negated with			ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem-

Derived terms

• ⲣⲉϥⲥϧⲁⲓ (refsxai)

References

• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 172