艱難困苦

Chinese

		hard; difficult; challenging	harrowing; miserable; hardship harrowing; miserable; hardship; suffering; ordeal
trad. (艱難困苦)		艱難	困苦
simp. (艰难困苦)		艰难	困苦

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānnánkùnkǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānnánkùnkǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiannánkùnkǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-nan²-kʻun⁴-kʻu³
    • Yale: jyān-nán-kwùn-kǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannankuennkuu
    • Palladius: цзяньнанькуньку (czjanʹnanʹkunʹku)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²
    • Yale: gāan nàahn kwan fú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ nan⁴ kuen³ fu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/

Idiom

艱難困苦

1. difficulties and hardships

Derived terms

• 艱難困苦，玉汝於成／艰难困苦，玉汝于成