낭독하다

Korean

Etymology

낭독(朗讀) (nangdok, “reading out loud”) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈna̠(ː)ŋdo̞kʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)도카다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nangdokhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nangdoghada
McCune–Reischauer?	nangdokhada
Yale Romanization?	nāngtok.hata

Verb

낭독하다 • (nangdokhada) (infinitive 낭독해 or 낭독하여, sequential 낭독하니)

1. to read out loud

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 낭독하다 (nangdokhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낭독한다 nangdokhanda	낭독해 nangdokhae	낭독해요 nangdokhaeyo	낭독합니다 nangdokhamnida
	Past	낭독했다 nangdokhaetda	낭독했어 nangdokhaesseo	낭독했어요 nangdokhaesseoyo	낭독했습니다 nangdokhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낭독하느냐 nangdokhaneunya	낭독해 nangdokhae	낭독해요 nangdokhaeyo	낭독합니까 nangdokhamnikka
	Past	낭독했느냐 nangdokhaenneunya	낭독했어 nangdokhaesseo	낭독했어요 nangdokhaesseoyo	낭독했습니까 nangdokhaetseumnikka
Hortative		낭독하자 nangdokhaja	낭독해 nangdokhae	낭독해요 nangdokhaeyo	낭독하십시다 nangdokhasipsida
Imperative		낭독해라, 낭독하여라 nangdokhaera, nangdokhayeora	낭독해 nangdokhae	낭독해요 nangdokhaeyo	낭독합시오 nangdokhapsio
Assertive		낭독하겠다 nangdokhagetda	낭독하겠어 nangdokhagesseo	낭독하겠어요 nangdokhagesseoyo	낭독하겠습니다 nangdokhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		낭독해 nangdokhae	낭독해서, 낭독하여서 nangdokhaeseo, nangdokhayeoseo	낭독하니 nangdokhani	낭독하니까 nangdokhanikka
Contrast		낭독하지만 nangdokhajiman	낭독하는데 nangdokhaneunde	낭독하더니 nangdokhadeoni
Conjunction		낭독하고 nangdokhago
Condition		낭독하면 nangdokhamyeon	낭독해야, 낭독하여야 nangdokhaeya, nangdokhayeoya
Motive		낭독하려고 nangdokharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		낭독함 nangdokham	낭독하기 nangdokhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낭독했음, 낭독하였음 nangdokhaesseum, nangdokhayeosseum	낭독했기, 낭독하였기 nangdokhaetgi, nangdokhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	낭독한 nangdokhan
	Present	낭독하는 nangdokhaneun
	Future	낭독할 nangdokhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	낭독하신다 nangdokhasinda	낭독하셔 nangdokhasyeo	낭독하세요, 낭독하셔요 nangdokhaseyo, nangdokhasyeoyo	낭독하십니다 nangdokhasimnida
	Past	낭독하셨다 nangdokhasyeotda	낭독하셨어 nangdokhasyeosseo	낭독하셨어요 nangdokhasyeosseoyo	낭독하셨습니다 nangdokhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	낭독하시느냐 nangdokhasineunya	낭독하셔 nangdokhasyeo	낭독하세요, 낭독하셔요 nangdokhaseyo, nangdokhasyeoyo	낭독하십니까 nangdokhasimnikka
	Past	낭독하셨느냐 nangdokhasyeonneunya	낭독하셨어 nangdokhasyeosseo	낭독하셨어요 nangdokhasyeosseoyo	낭독하셨습니까 nangdokhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		낭독하시라 nangdokhasira	낭독하셔 nangdokhasyeo	낭독하세요 nangdokhaseyo	낭독하십시오 nangdokhasipsio
Assertive		낭독하시겠다 nangdokhasigetda	낭독하시겠어 nangdokhasigesseo	낭독하시겠어요 nangdokhasigesseoyo	낭독하시겠습니다 nangdokhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		낭독하셔 nangdokhasyeo	낭독하셔서 nangdokhasyeoseo	낭독하시니 nangdokhasini	낭독하시니까 nangdokhasinikka
Contrast		낭독하시지만 nangdokhasijiman	낭독하시는데 nangdokhasineunde	낭독하시더니 nangdokhasideoni
Conjunction		낭독하시고 nangdokhasigo
Condition		낭독하시면 nangdokhasimyeon	낭독하셔야 nangdokhasyeoya
Motive		낭독하시려고 nangdokhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		낭독하심 nangdokhasim	낭독하시기 nangdokhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		낭독하셨음 nangdokhasyeosseum	낭독하셨기 nangdokhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	낭독하신 nangdokhasin
	Present	낭독하시는 nangdokhasineun
	Future	낭독하실 nangdokhasil