냉각하다

Korean

Etymology

냉각(冷却) (naenggak) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈnɛ(ː)ŋɡa̠kʰa̠da̠] ~ [ˈne̞(ː)ŋɡa̠kʰa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [냉(ː)가카다/넹(ː)가카다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	naenggakhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	naenggaghada
McCune–Reischauer?	naenggakhada
Yale Romanization?	nāyngkak.hata

South Korean Standard Language	냉각하다 (naenggakhada)
North Korean Standard Language	랭각하다 (raenggakhada)

Verb

냉각하다 • (naenggakhada) (infinitive 냉각해 or 냉각하여, sequential 냉각하니)

1. (transitive) refrigerate, cool, cool down

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 냉각하다 (naenggakhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	냉각한다 naenggakhanda	냉각해 naenggakhae	냉각해요 naenggakhaeyo	냉각합니다 naenggakhamnida
	Past	냉각했다 naenggakhaetda	냉각했어 naenggakhaesseo	냉각했어요 naenggakhaesseoyo	냉각했습니다 naenggakhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	냉각하느냐 naenggakhaneunya	냉각해 naenggakhae	냉각해요 naenggakhaeyo	냉각합니까 naenggakhamnikka
	Past	냉각했느냐 naenggakhaenneunya	냉각했어 naenggakhaesseo	냉각했어요 naenggakhaesseoyo	냉각했습니까 naenggakhaetseumnikka
Hortative		냉각하자 naenggakhaja	냉각해 naenggakhae	냉각해요 naenggakhaeyo	냉각하십시다 naenggakhasipsida
Imperative		냉각해라, 냉각하여라 naenggakhaera, naenggakhayeora	냉각해 naenggakhae	냉각해요 naenggakhaeyo	냉각합시오 naenggakhapsio
Assertive		냉각하겠다 naenggakhagetda	냉각하겠어 naenggakhagesseo	냉각하겠어요 naenggakhagesseoyo	냉각하겠습니다 naenggakhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		냉각해 naenggakhae	냉각해서, 냉각하여서 naenggakhaeseo, naenggakhayeoseo	냉각하니 naenggakhani	냉각하니까 naenggakhanikka
Contrast		냉각하지만 naenggakhajiman	냉각하는데 naenggakhaneunde	냉각하더니 naenggakhadeoni
Conjunction		냉각하고 naenggakhago
Condition		냉각하면 naenggakhamyeon	냉각해야, 냉각하여야 naenggakhaeya, naenggakhayeoya
Motive		냉각하려고 naenggakharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		냉각함 naenggakham	냉각하기 naenggakhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		냉각했음, 냉각하였음 naenggakhaesseum, naenggakhayeosseum	냉각했기, 냉각하였기 naenggakhaetgi, naenggakhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	냉각한 naenggakhan
	Present	냉각하는 naenggakhaneun
	Future	냉각할 naenggakhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	냉각하신다 naenggakhasinda	냉각하셔 naenggakhasyeo	냉각하세요, 냉각하셔요 naenggakhaseyo, naenggakhasyeoyo	냉각하십니다 naenggakhasimnida
	Past	냉각하셨다 naenggakhasyeotda	냉각하셨어 naenggakhasyeosseo	냉각하셨어요 naenggakhasyeosseoyo	냉각하셨습니다 naenggakhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	냉각하시느냐 naenggakhasineunya	냉각하셔 naenggakhasyeo	냉각하세요, 냉각하셔요 naenggakhaseyo, naenggakhasyeoyo	냉각하십니까 naenggakhasimnikka
	Past	냉각하셨느냐 naenggakhasyeonneunya	냉각하셨어 naenggakhasyeosseo	냉각하셨어요 naenggakhasyeosseoyo	냉각하셨습니까 naenggakhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		냉각하시라 naenggakhasira	냉각하셔 naenggakhasyeo	냉각하세요 naenggakhaseyo	냉각하십시오 naenggakhasipsio
Assertive		냉각하시겠다 naenggakhasigetda	냉각하시겠어 naenggakhasigesseo	냉각하시겠어요 naenggakhasigesseoyo	냉각하시겠습니다 naenggakhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		냉각하셔 naenggakhasyeo	냉각하셔서 naenggakhasyeoseo	냉각하시니 naenggakhasini	냉각하시니까 naenggakhasinikka
Contrast		냉각하시지만 naenggakhasijiman	냉각하시는데 naenggakhasineunde	냉각하시더니 naenggakhasideoni
Conjunction		냉각하시고 naenggakhasigo
Condition		냉각하시면 naenggakhasimyeon	냉각하셔야 naenggakhasyeoya
Motive		냉각하시려고 naenggakhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		냉각하심 naenggakhasim	냉각하시기 naenggakhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		냉각하셨음 naenggakhasyeosseum	냉각하셨기 naenggakhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	냉각하신 naenggakhasin
	Present	냉각하시는 naenggakhasineun
	Future	냉각하실 naenggakhasil