섬기다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셤기〮다〮 (Yale: syèmkí-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹mɡida̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [섬기다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	seomgida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	seomgida
McCune–Reischauer?	sŏmgida
Yale Romanization?	semkita

Verb

섬기다 • (seomgida) (infinitive 섬겨 or 섬기어, sequential 섬기니) (transitive)

1. to serve, to obey
2. to worship, to obey (God)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 섬기다 (seomgida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	섬긴다 seomginda	섬겨 seomgyeo	섬겨요, 섬기어요 seomgyeoyo, seomgieoyo	섬깁니다 seomgimnida
	Past	섬겼다 seomgyeotda	섬겼어 seomgyeosseo	섬겼어요 seomgyeosseoyo	섬겼습니다 seomgyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	섬기느냐 seomgineunya	섬겨 seomgyeo	섬겨요, 섬기어요 seomgyeoyo, seomgieoyo	섬깁니까 seomgimnikka
	Past	섬겼느냐 seomgyeonneunya	섬겼어 seomgyeosseo	섬겼어요 seomgyeosseoyo	섬겼습니까 seomgyeotseumnikka
Hortative		섬기자 seomgija	섬겨 seomgyeo	섬겨요, 섬기어요 seomgyeoyo, seomgieoyo	섬기십시다 seomgisipsida
Imperative		섬겨라, 섬기어라 seomgyeora, seomgieora	섬겨 seomgyeo	섬겨요, 섬기어요 seomgyeoyo, seomgieoyo	섬깁시오 seomgipsio
Assertive		섬기겠다 seomgigetda	섬기겠어 seomgigesseo	섬기겠어요 seomgigesseoyo	섬기겠습니다 seomgigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		섬겨 seomgyeo	섬겨서, 섬기어서 seomgyeoseo, seomgieoseo	섬기니 seomgini	섬기니까 seomginikka
Contrast		섬기지만 seomgijiman	섬기는데 seomgineunde	섬기더니 seomgideoni
Conjunction		섬기고 seomgigo
Condition		섬기면 seomgimyeon	섬겨야, 섬기어야 seomgyeoya, seomgieoya
Motive		섬기려고 seomgiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		섬김 seomgim	섬기기 seomgigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		섬겼음, 섬기었음 seomgyeosseum, seomgieosseum	섬겼기, 섬기었기 seomgyeotgi, seomgieotgi
Determiners	Past	섬긴 seomgin
	Present	섬기는 seomgineun
	Future	섬길 seomgil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	섬기신다 seomgisinda	섬기셔 seomgisyeo	섬기세요, 섬기셔요 seomgiseyo, seomgisyeoyo	섬기십니다 seomgisimnida
	Past	섬기셨다 seomgisyeotda	섬기셨어 seomgisyeosseo	섬기셨어요 seomgisyeosseoyo	섬기셨습니다 seomgisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	섬기시느냐 seomgisineunya	섬기셔 seomgisyeo	섬기세요, 섬기셔요 seomgiseyo, seomgisyeoyo	섬기십니까 seomgisimnikka
	Past	섬기셨느냐 seomgisyeonneunya	섬기셨어 seomgisyeosseo	섬기셨어요 seomgisyeosseoyo	섬기셨습니까 seomgisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		섬기시라 seomgisira	섬기셔 seomgisyeo	섬기세요 seomgiseyo	섬기십시오 seomgisipsio
Assertive		섬기시겠다 seomgisigetda	섬기시겠어 seomgisigesseo	섬기시겠어요 seomgisigesseoyo	섬기시겠습니다 seomgisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		섬기셔 seomgisyeo	섬기셔서 seomgisyeoseo	섬기시니 seomgisini	섬기시니까 seomgisinikka
Contrast		섬기시지만 seomgisijiman	섬기시는데 seomgisineunde	섬기시더니 seomgisideoni
Conjunction		섬기시고 seomgisigo
Condition		섬기시면 seomgisimyeon	섬기셔야 seomgisyeoya
Motive		섬기시려고 seomgisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		섬기심 seomgisim	섬기시기 seomgisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		섬기셨음 seomgisyeosseum	섬기셨기 seomgisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	섬기신 seomgisin
	Present	섬기시는 seomgisineun
	Future	섬기실 seomgisil

Derived terms

• 단골섬김 (dan'golseomgim)