𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁆

Prakrit

Etymology

Unknown. If not the source of Sanskrit चप् (cap), चर्पट (carpaṭa, “lying flat, palm of hand”), चर्पटी (carpaṭī, “flatbread”), चपेट (capeṭa, “slap with open hands”), चर्वन् (carvan, “slap with open hands”), and चिपिट (cipiṭa), all these words are probably of the same substrate origin. Compare Pashto [script needed] (ċapaq) and Ormuri [script needed] (čapâγ, “slap with open palm”).

Root

𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑁆 (capp)

to press, flatten

Derived terms

𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (cappaï, “presses”)
- Northeastern:
  - Sindhi: چاپڻ (cāpaṇu)
  - Punjabi: ਛੱਪਣ (chappaṇ)
- Central:
  - Nepali: च्याप्नु (cyāpnu), चेप्नु (cepnu), चपेट्नु (capeṭnu)
  - Gujarati: ચાપડો (cāpḍo)
  - Hindi: चपना (capnā), चपनी (capnī)
  - Urdu: چپنا (capnā), چپنی (capnī)
- Southern:
  - Marathi: चापणे (cāpṇe)
- Eastern:
  - Bengali: চাপা (capa)
  - Assamese: [script needed] (sāpibā)
  - Odia: ଚାପିବା (cāpibā), ଚପିବା (capibā)
𑀘𑀁𑀧𑀇 (caṃpaï)
- Central:
  - Gujarati: ચાંપવું (cā̃pvũ)
  - Hindi: चाँपना (cā̃pnā)
  - Urdu: چانپنا (cā̃pnā)
- Eastern:
  - Maithili: चाँपब (cā̃pab)
*𑀘𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀇 (*cippaï, “is pressed”, passive)
- → Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit: चिप्यते (cipyate, “is crushed”), चिप्पितक (cippitaka, “crushed”)
- → Pali: cippiyamāna
- Eastern:
  - Bengali: চিপা (cipa)
  - Odia: ଚିପିବା (cipibā)
- Central:
  - Gujarati: ચીપવું (cīpvũ)
- Southern:
  - Marathi: चिपणे (cipṇe), चेपणे (cepṇe)
*𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧 (*cappa, “flat”)
- Northeastern:
  - Punjabi: ਚੱਪਾ (cappā, “breadth of 4 fingers”)
- Central:
  - Hindi: चाप (cāp, “footsteps, pressing, pressure”)
  - Urdu: چاپ (cāp)
- Southern:
  - Marathi: चाप (cāp)
- Eastern:
  - Bengali: চাপ (cap, “solidified clod”), চাপা (capa, “cover”)
*𑀘𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝 (*cappaṭṭa)
- Northeastern:
  - Punjabi: ਚਪਟਾ (capṭā)
- Central:
  - Hindi: चपटा (capṭā)
  - Urdu: چپٹا
- Southern:
  - Marathi: चपटा (capṭā)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “capp”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press