๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”

Prakrit edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit เคชเคฐเฅ‹เค•เฅเคท (parokแนฃa), เคชเคฐเฅ‹เคฝเค•เฅเคท (paroสผkแนฃa), from เคชเคฐเคธเฅ (paras, โ€œbeyondโ€) + เค…เค•เฅเคท (akแนฃa, โ€œeyeโ€, form of เค…เค•เฅเคทเคฟ (akแนฃi) in compounds). Cognate with Pali parokkha.

Adjective edit

๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€” (parลkkha) (Devanagari เคชเคฐเฅ‹เค•เฅเค–)

  1. out of sight, invisible, hidden

Declension edit

Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€” (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘„ (parลkkho) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ (parลkkhaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚ (parลkkhe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ก (parลkkheแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (parลkkheแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (parลkkhehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (parลkkhehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (parลkkhฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (parลkkhฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (parลkkhฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (parลkkhassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (parลkkhฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (parลkkhฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (parลkkhammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚ (parลkkhe) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (parลkkhesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (parลkkhesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€” (parลkkha) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ (parลkkhaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (parลkkhฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (parลkkhฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (parลkkhฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (parลkkhฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (parลkkhฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (parลkkhฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (parลkkhฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (parลkkhฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (parลkkhฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (parลkkhฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (parลkkhฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (parลkkhฤsu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (parลkkhฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚ (parลkkhe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€” (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ (parลkkhaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (parลkkhฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ (parลkkhaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (parลkkhฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ก (parลkkheแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (parลkkheแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (parลkkhehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (parลkkhehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (parลkkhฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (parลkkhฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (parลkkhฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (parลkkhฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (parลkkhฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (parลkkhassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (parลkkhฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (parลkkhฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (parลkkhammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚ (parลkkhe) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (parลkkhesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (parลkkhesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€” (parลkkha) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ (parลkkhฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (parลkkhฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (parลkkhฤi)

Alternative forms edit

References edit

  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) โ€œเคชเคฐเฅ‹เค•เฅเค–โ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [Pฤia-Sadda-Mahaแน‡แน‡avo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 569.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œparokkhaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 446
  • Otto von Bรถhtlingk (1877) โ€œเคชเคฐเฅ‹เค•เฅเค–โ€, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter โ€œPrakrit-Indexโ€) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., โ†’OCLC, page 336 of 372