Module:User:Dragonoid76/sa-verb/documentation

Basic Usage

If you are unfamiliar with Sanskrit verbs, this, this, and this serve as great guides to get familiar with conjugations.

This template can be called in eight different ways:

1. {{sa-verb|nonf|...}}: a table with the infinitive, gerund, gerundives, and past passive participle
2. {{sa-verb|pres|...}}: a table with the present tense (incl. the indicative, optative, imperative, and active participles)
3. {{sa-verb|impf|...}}: a table with the imperfect tense
4. {{sa-verb|fut|...}}: a table with the future tense (incl. the simple, peripherastic, and active participles)
5. {{sa-verb|cond|...}}: a table with the conditional tense
6. {{sa-verb|aor|...}}: a table with the aorist tense
7. {{sa-verb|bene|...}}: a table with the benedictive/precative, originally the optative of the aorist
8. {{sa-verb|perf|...}}: a table with the perfect tense (incl. active participles)

The first argument is always the third-person singular indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb in that tense. For instance, {{sa-verb|pres|arhati}} will produce a table for the present-tense conjugation of अर्हति (arhati). {{sa-verb|impf|ārhat}} will likewise produce a table for the imperfect-tense conjugation of that verb.

If no other non-keyword arguments are passed, the verb is assumed to be thematic, and this is all that is necessary. If a second argument is passed, the verb is assumed to be athematic and the the second argument should be the third-person plural indicative active-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb. If a third argument is passed, it should be the third-person singular indicative passive-voice form (or optative, in the case of the benedictive) of the verb. For instance, {{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}} will produce a table for the present-tense athematic conjugation of लेढि (leḍhi). For aorist and benedictive tables, the passive stem must be provided if it is different from the active stem, but the middle/weak stem is unused; hence {{sa-verb|aor|alikṣat||alikṣata}} produces the aorist table for लेढि (leḍhi).

The "<...>" in that example encloses the stem of the verb. In the case of "leḍhi", the stem "leh" cannot be inferred from the third-person tense due to internal sandhi. Hence, we must provide the stem in brackets like that. All non-keyword arguments can take a stem like this, and, if provided, will be used in place of the third-person form (although the third-person form should still be provided so the module can infer the class of the verb). ALSO, the bracketed stem argument must be provided if the third-person form is irregular.

The non-finite forms table is special and only takes a single non-keyword argument: the infinitive form of the verb (with a possible bracketed stem). For लेढि (leḍhi), we would write {{sa-verb|nonf|liḍhum<lih>}}.

Disabling Sandhi

Usually, like in the case of {{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}}, this module is smart and will apply a variety of sandhi rules to produce a correct output. Occasionally, though, this is not welcome. For instance, in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|...}}, the internal sandhi rules will try to eliminate the स in the root. To avoid this, use the argument "auto_sandhi=false".

Limiting Voices

A number of Sanskrit verbs are deponent (only middle voice), active-only, or have no passive. By default, this module will conjugate as many voices as each tense has. To limit the voices, use the argument "n=...". "a" stands for "active", "m" stands for "middle", and "p" stands for "passive", so "n=amp" will produce all three voices, "n=m" will produce just the middle voice, and "n=am" will produce both the active and middle voices, for example.

Overriding Arguments

Occasionally, the automatic sandhi is unable to predict the right form in a particular case or the verb has some special cases. To handle this, every single cell of the table can be completely overridden by a keyword argument to the table. It should be of the form:

• "[mood]_[voice]_[person]_[number]" for finite forms
• "part_[voice]" for participles
• "inf" for the infinitive, "gerundive_mn" for the masculine/neuter gerundive, "gerundive_f" for the feminine gerundive, "part_mn" for the masculine/neuter past passive participle, and "part_f" for the feminine past passive participle

where

• "[mood]" is one of "indic", "optat", "imper"
• "[voice]" is one of "av", "mv", "pv"
• "[person]" is one "1", "2", "3"
• and "[number]" is one of "s", "d", "p"

For instance, in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|n=a}}, the second-person singular indicative present form will be *अस्सि by default, but it is actually irregular and is असि. Hence, we override the default value by providing the arg "indic_av_2_s=asi" in {{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}.

Examples

khelati

For खेलति (khelati) (thematic, class 1, no ablaut),
{{sa-verb|nonf|Kelitum}}
{{sa-verb|pres|Kelati}}
{{sa-verb|impf|aKelat}}
{{sa-verb|fut|Kelizyati}}
{{sa-verb|cond|aKeizyat}}
{{sa-verb|aor|aKelIt}}
{{sa-verb|bene|KelyAt}}
{{sa-verb|perf|caKela}}

asti

For अस्ति (asti) (athematic, class 2),
{{sa-verb|pres|asti|santi|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=asi|n=a}}
{{sa-verb|impf|āsīt<ās>|āsan|auto_sandhi=false|indic_av_2_s=āsīḥ|indic_av_3_s=āsīt|n=a}} ("<ās>" is provided as the form "āsīt" is irregular).

leḍhi

For लेढि (leḍhi) (athematic, class 2, irregular), {{sa-verb|nonf|līḍhum<lih>}} {{sa-verb|pres|leḍhi<leh>|lihanti|lihyate}} {{sa-verb|impf|aleṭ<aleh>|alihan|alihyata}} {{sa-verb|fut|lekṣyati}} {{sa-verb|cond|alekṣyat}} {{sa-verb|aor|alikṣat||alikṣata}} {{sa-verb|bene|lihyāt||likṣīṣṭa}} {{sa-verb|perf|lileha|lilihuḥ}}

riṇakti

For रिणक्ति (riṇakti) (athematic, class 7), {{sa-verb|nonf|riṇaktum<riṇac>|rikta<ric>}} {{sa-verb|pres|riṇakti<riṇac>|riñcanti|ricyate}} {{sa-verb|impf|ariṇak<ariṇac>|ariñcan|aricyata}} {{sa-verb|fut|rekṣyati}} {{sa-verb|cond|arekṣyat}} {{sa-verb|aor|aricat,araikṣīt||arikta<aric>}} {{sa-verb|bene|recyāt||rikṣīṣṭa}} {{sa-verb|perf|rireca|riricuḥ}}

TODO

• support accent marks (i.e. the shifting of accent onto the passive stem in Class 4 aorists)
• third and first person occasional irregular forms for perfect verbs have to be provided separately
• third-person plural ending in -uh if the root ends in -ā
• siṣ aorist