Module:hi-translit
- The following documentation is located at Module:hi-translit/documentation. [edit]
- Useful links: subpage list • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox
This module will transliterate Hindi language text per WT:HI TR. It is also used to transliterate Awadhi, Bagheli, Mahasu Pahari, Haryanvi, Bhadrawahi, Bundeli, Palya Bareli, Braj, Chambeali, Churahi, Dhundhari, Dogri, Gaddi, Garhwali, Chhattisgarhi, Bilaspuri, Kullu Pahari, Kurukh, Mandeali, Mewari, Malvi, Marwari, Nimadi, Pangwali, Saraiki, Mundari, Mewati, and Kangri.
The module should preferably not be called directly from templates or other modules.
To use it from a template, use {{xlit}}
.
Within a module, use Module:languages#Language:transliterate.
For testcases, see Module:hi-translit/testcases.
Functions
tr(text, lang, sc)
- Transliterates a given piece of
text
written in the script specified by the codesc
, and language specified by the codelang
. - When the transliteration fails, returns
nil
.
-- Transliteration for Hindi (possibly other languages using Devanagari script, except for Sanskrit)
local export = {}
local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")
local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch
local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub
local match = m_str_utils.match
local plain_gsub = m_str_utils.plain_gsub
local reverse = m_str_utils.reverse
local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC
local conv = {
-- consonants
['क'] = 'k', ['ख'] = 'kh', ['ग'] = 'g', ['घ'] = 'gh', ['ङ'] = 'ṅ',
['च'] = 'c', ['छ'] = 'ch', ['ज'] = 'j', ['झ'] = 'jh', ['ञ'] = 'ñ',
['ट'] = 'ṭ', ['ठ'] = 'ṭh', ['ड'] = 'ḍ', ['ढ'] = 'ḍh', ['ण'] = 'ṇ',
['त'] = 't', ['थ'] = 'th', ['द'] = 'd', ['ध'] = 'dh', ['न'] = 'n',
['प'] = 'p', ['फ'] = 'ph', ['ब'] = 'b', ['भ'] = 'bh', ['म'] = 'm',
['य'] = 'y', ['र'] = 'r', ['ल'] = 'l', ['व'] = 'v', ['ळ'] = 'ḷ',
['श'] = 'ś', ['ष'] = 'ṣ', ['स'] = 's', ['ह'] = 'h',
['क़'] = 'q', ['ख़'] = 'x', ['ग़'] = 'ġ', ['ऴ'] = 'ḻ',
['ज़'] = 'z', ['ष़'] = 'ẓ', ['झ़'] = 'ź', ['ड़'] = 'ṛ', ['ढ़'] = 'ṛh',
['फ़'] = 'f', ['ऩ'] = 'ṉ', ['ऱ'] = 'ṟ', ['य़'] = 'ẏ', ['व़'] = 'w',
-- ['ज्ञ'] = 'jñ',
-- vowel diacritics
['ि'] = 'i', ['ु'] = 'u', ['े'] = 'e', ['ो'] = 'o',
['ॊ'] = 'ǒ', ['ॆ'] = 'ě',
['ा'] = 'ā', ['ी'] = 'ī', ['ू'] = 'ū',
['ृ'] = 'ŕ',
['ै'] = 'ai', ['ौ'] = 'au',
['ॉ'] = 'ŏ',
['ॅ'] = 'ĕ',
-- vowel signs
['अ'] = 'a', ['इ'] = 'i', ['उ'] = 'u', ['ए'] = 'e', ['ओ'] = 'o',
['आ'] = 'ā', ['ई'] = 'ī', ['ऊ'] = 'ū', ['ऎ'] = 'ě', ['ऒ'] = 'ǒ',
['ऋ'] = 'ŕ',
['ऐ'] = 'ai', ['औ'] = 'au',
['ऑ'] = 'ŏ',
['ऍ'] = 'ĕ',
['ॐ'] = 'om',
-- chandrabindu
['ँ'] = '̃',
-- anusvara
['ं'] = '̃',
-- visarga
['ः'] = 'ḥ',
-- virama
['्'] = '',
-- numerals
['०'] = '0', ['१'] = '1', ['२'] = '2', ['३'] = '3', ['४'] = '4',
['५'] = '5', ['६'] = '6', ['७'] = '7', ['८'] = '8', ['९'] = '9',
-- punctuation
['।'] = '.', -- danda
['॥'] = '.', -- double danda
['+'] = '', -- compound separator
-- abbreviation sign
['॰'] = '.',
}
local nasal_assim_short = {
['क'] = 'ङ', ['ख'] = 'ङ', ['ग'] = 'ङ', ['घ'] = 'ङ', ['ङ'] = 'ङ',
['च'] = 'ञ', ['छ'] = 'ञ', ['ज'] = 'ञ', ['झ'] = 'ञ', ['ञ'] = 'ञ',
['ट'] = 'ण', ['ठ'] = 'ण', ['ड'] = 'ण', ['ढ'] = 'ण', ['ण'] = 'ण',
['त'] = 'न', ['थ'] = 'न', ['द'] = 'न', ['ध'] = 'न', ['न'] = 'न',
['प'] = 'म', ['फ'] = 'म', ['ब'] = 'म', ['भ'] = 'म', ['म'] = 'म',
['य'] = 'ँ', ['र'] = 'न', ['ल'] = 'न', ['व'] = 'म',
['श'] = 'ञ', ['ष'] = 'ण', ['स'] = 'न', ['ह'] = 'ँ',
['ज़'] = 'न', ['फ़'] = 'म', ['क़'] = 'ङ', ['ख़'] = 'ङ', ['ग़'] = 'ङ',
['ड़'] = 'ँ', ['ढ़'] = 'ँ'
}
local nasal_assim_long = {
['क'] = 'ँ', ['ख'] = 'ँ', ['ग'] = 'ङ', ['घ'] = 'ङ', ['ङ'] = 'ँ',
['च'] = 'ँ', ['छ'] = 'ँ', ['ज'] = 'ञ', ['झ'] = 'ञ', ['ञ'] = 'ँ',
['ट'] = 'ँ', ['ठ'] = 'ँ', ['ड'] = 'ण', ['ढ'] = 'ण', ['ण'] = 'ँ',
['त'] = 'ँ', ['थ'] = 'ँ', ['द'] = 'न', ['ध'] = 'न', ['न'] = 'ँ',
['प'] = 'ँ', ['फ'] = 'ँ', ['ब'] = 'म', ['भ'] = 'म', ['म'] = 'ँ',
['ह'] = 'ँ',
['ज़'] = 'न', ['फ़'] = 'म', ['क़'] = 'ङ', ['ख़'] = 'ङ', ['ग़'] = 'ङ',
['ड़'] = 'ँ', ['ढ़'] = 'ँ'
}
-- These clusters when occurring word-finally will not trigger a schwa added
-- after them even though the second consonant is in special_cons, which normally
-- causes the extra schwa to be added. NOTE: The clusters are reversed from their
-- ultimate effect, e.g. the first cluster is written 'ml' but actually applies
-- to words ending in 'lm'. The clusters below overall refer to the six clusters
-- describable by [rl][mnv], i.e. rm, rn, rv, lm, ln, lv (plus rṇ).
-- Plus some word-final geminates.
local perm_cl = {
['म्ल'] = true, ['व्ल'] = true, ['न्ल'] = true,
['म्र'] = true, ['व्र'] = true, ['न्र'] = true, ['ण्र'] = true,
['न्न'] = true, ['म्म'] = true, ['ण्ण'] = true, ['ल्ल'] = true, ['र्र'] = true
}
local all_cons, special_cons = 'कखगघङचछजझञटठडढणतथदधनपफबभमयरलवषशसह', 'यरलवहनमञण'
local vowel, vowel_sign = '*aिुृेोाीूैौॉॅॆॊ\'', 'अइउएओआईऊऋऐऔऑऍ\''
local long_vowel, short_vowel = 'ाीूेैोौआईऊएऐओऔ', '*aिुृॆॊॅॉअइउऋऍऑऎऒ\''
local syncope_pattern = '([' .. vowel .. vowel_sign .. '])(़?[' .. all_cons .. '])a(़?[' .. all_cons .. '])([ंँ]?[' .. vowel .. vowel_sign .. '])'
function export.tr(text, lang, sc)
-- treat anusvara + nasal as geminate nasal after short vowels
text = gsub(text, '([' .. short_vowel .. all_cons .. '])ं([नम])', '%1%2्%2')
-- word-final apostrophe (e.g. from bold formatting) does not delete schwa
text = gsub(text, '([' .. all_cons .. ']़?)(\'%A)', '%1a%2')
text = gsub(text, '([' .. all_cons .. ']़?)(\')$', '%1a%2')
text = gsub(text, '([' .. all_cons .. ']़?)([' .. vowel .. '्]?)', function(c, d)
return c .. (d == "" and 'a' or d) end)
-- to detect words, include Unicode 0900-0963 and 0971-097F (plus 'a' and '*'),
-- excluding e.g. danda and abbreviation dot ॰
for word in gmatch(text, "[ऀ-ॣॱ-ॿa*]+") do
local orig_word = word
word = reverse(word)
word = gsub(word, '^a(़?)([' .. all_cons .. '])(.)(.?)', function(opt, first, second, third)
return (((match(first, '[' .. special_cons .. ']') and match(second, '्') and not perm_cl[first..second..third])
or match(first .. second, 'य[ीिई]'))
and 'a' or "") .. opt .. first .. second .. third end)
while match(word, syncope_pattern) do
word = gsub(word, syncope_pattern, '%1%2%3%4')
end
word = reverse(word)
-- The special_vowel category consists of ī/e/o/ai/au, these vowels are often
-- written with anusvara for 'aesthetic' reasons as the vowel diacritic
-- gets in the way of the candrabindu. For ī/e/o/ai/au, anusvara will trigger
-- nasal_assim_long and candrabindu will force a nasal vowel. To force a nasal
-- consonant before voiceless stops (mostly in loanwords), respell with
-- homorganic nasal ङ/ञ/ण/न/म + virama ्
-- Exception: vowel 'e' when written as standalone ए
local special_vowel, normal_vowel = 'ीेैोौईऐओऔ', '*aिुाूृॆॅॊॉअइउआऊऋऎऍऒऑए\''
word = gsub(word, '([' .. special_vowel .. '])ँ(.़?)', function(prev, succ)
return prev .. "̃" .. succ
end)
--sometimes chandrabindu != anusvara
word = gsub(word, '([' .. normal_vowel .. '])ं([सशषवयकखटतथदडपचछ]़?)', function(prev, succ)
return prev .. (nasal_assim_short[succ] or "̃") .. succ
end)
word = gsub(word, '([' .. normal_vowel .. '])ँ([सशषवयकखटतथदडपचछ]़?)', function(prev, succ)
return prev .. "̃" .. succ
end)
--force chandrabindu to behave as anusvara
word = gsub(word, 'ँ', 'ं')
word = gsub(word, '([' .. short_vowel .. '])ं(.़?)', function(prev, succ)
return prev .. (nasal_assim_short[succ] or "̃") .. succ
end)
word = gsub(word, '([' .. long_vowel .. '])ं(.़?)', function(prev, succ)
return prev .. (nasal_assim_long[succ] or "̃") .. succ
end)
text = plain_gsub(text, orig_word, word)
end
text = gsub(text, '.़?', conv)
text = gsub(text, 'a([iu])̃', 'a͠%1')
text = gsub(text, 'ñz', 'nz')
text = gsub(text, '%*', 'a')
return toNFC(text)
end
return export