Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/ciːm

This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

• Proto-Austroasiatic: *ciːm (Sidwell, 2024, #AA015)
• Proto-Mon-Khmer: *cim ~ *ciim ~ *ciəm ~ *caim ~ *cum (Shorto, 2006, #1324)

Pacoh achéiq, achéq is unrelated lookalike.

Noun

*ciːm

1. bird

Descendants

• Proto-Aslian: *cɛɛm (Phillips, 2012)
  • Jah Hut: cɛm
  • Senoic:
    • Semai: chèèp, chèèm
    • Temiar: cep
  • Semelaic:
    • Semelai: cim
• Proto-Bahnaric: *ceː₂m (Sidwell, 2011) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Katuic: *ceem (Sidwell, 2005)
  • Katu:
    • Eastern Katu: achim
    • Western Katu: ອັຈິມ
  • Western Katuic:
    • Kui: cɛːm
    • Eastern Bru: chớm
• Proto-Khasian: *sim (Sidwell, 2018)
  • Khasi: sim
  • Lyngngam: ʔəsim ~ ʔəcim
  • Pnar: sim
• Proto-Khmuic: *ciːm (Sidwell, 2013)
  • Khmu: siːm
  • Khsing-Mul: ceːm
  • O'du: ca̰m
  • T'in: seːm
• Mangic:
  • Mang: θɤm⁶
• Proto-Monic: *kɲciəm (Diffloth, 1984)
  • Mon: ဂစေံ (gacem)
• Munda:
  • Santali: ᱥᱤᱢ (sim, “chicken”)
• Proto-Palaungic: *ciːm (Sidwell, 2015)
  • Lamet: siːm
  • Palaung:
    • Shwe:
      • Shwe Palaung: ဆီမ်
  • Plang:
    • La Gang: sɪ́m
    • Man Noi: sɪ́m
  • Riang: sim¹
• Pearic:
  • Chong: cʰiːˀm
  • Pear: cʰem
• Proto-Vietic: *-ciːm (Ferlus, 2007) (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Chamic: *cim (“bird”)
  • Acehnese: cicém
  • Coastal:
    • Eastern Cham: ciim
  • Highlands:
    • Jarai: čĭm
    • Rade: čĭm

References

• Shorto, Harry (2006) Sidwell, Paul, Doug Cooper and Christian Bauer, editors, A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN
• Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii