Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/mʊ̀kádí

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Etymology

Cognates outside Bantu include Tiv kwase (“woman”), Bitare okasə (“woman”), Ndoe mìŋ-kánì (“woman”), Nde-Nsele-Nta màŋ-kaa̍ (“woman”)

Noun

*mʊ̀kádí class 1 (plural *bàkádí class 2)

1. woman
2. wife

Descendants

• Akoose (A15C): mmwaád
• Bwisi (B401): mukali̱
• Nzebi:
  • Teke-Tyee (B73d): mukaha
• Bangi-Ntomba:
  • Lingala (C30B): mwasi
• Makaa-Njem
  • Swo (A82): moda
• Ngondi-Ngiri:
  • Bongili (C15): mwato
• Northeast Bantu:
  • Great Lakes Bantu:
    • Luganda (J15): omukazi
    • Tooro (J12): omukazi
    • Nyoro (J11): omukazi
    • Nyankole (J13): omukazi
    • Nande (J42): omúkali
    • Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): muka (“wife of”)
    • Ikizu (J402): ʉmʉkari
    • Gwere (J17): mukali
    • Gungu (J101): mu̱kali̱
    • Nyole (Uganda) (J35): omuhyala
  • Northeast Coast Bantu:
    • Ngazidja Comorian (G44a): mzaɗe
• Bemba (M42): umwanakashi (second element)
• Nyasa:
  • Chichewa (N31): mkazi
• Shona:
  • Shona (S10): mukadzi
  • Nambya (S16B): unhukaji

• Southern Bantu:
  • Nguni:
    • Swazi (S43): -kati
    • Xhosa (S41): -kazi
    • Zulu (S42): -kazi
  • Sotho-Tswana:
    • Northern Sotho (S32): mosadi
    • Sotho (S33): mosadi
    • Tswana (S31): mosadi
  • Makua:
    • Lomwe (P32): muthiyana, mwaara
    • Takwane (P31C): mwihiyana
• Luba-Katanga (L33): mukaji (“wife”)
• Njila:
  • Herero (R30): omukazendu
  • Kimbundu (H21): mukaji (“female”)
  • Umbundu (R11): ukãi

From the collapsed form *mʊ̀káí ~ *mʊ̀ké in Northeast Coast Bantu:

• Chimwiini (G412): muke
• Mwani (G403): muka
• Swahili (G42): mke, -ke