Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kalgā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to pierce, strike”).

Noun edit

*kalgā m^[1]^[2]^[3]

point

Declension edit

Feminine ā-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kalgā	*kalgai	*kalgās
vocative	*kalgā	*kalgai	*kalgās
accusative	*kalgam	*kalgai	*kalgāms
genitive	*kalgās	*kalgous	*kalgom
dative	*kalgāi	*kalgābom	*kalgābos
locative	*kalgai	*?	*?
instrumental	*?	*kalgābim	*kalgābis

Descendants edit

Proto-Brythonic: *kalɣ (“penis”)
- Breton: kalc'h
- Cornish: kal f, kalgh m
- Welsh: cal, cala f, caly m
Old Irish: colg, calg f (later m) (“sword”)
Gaulish: *kalgos (“point, sword”)^[4]

References edit

^ Koch, John (2004) “*kalgā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 249
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page *kolgā of 212-213
^ Koch, John (2004) “*kolgo-, kalgo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[2], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 350
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages calgo-–98

[1] Koch, John (2004) “*kalgā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[1], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 249

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page *kolgā of 212-213

[3] Koch, John (2004) “*kolgo-, kalgo-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎^[2], University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 350

[4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, pages calgo-–98

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