Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/swizdeti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (to hiss), of imitative origin; see also Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, I hiss), Russian свиста́ть (svistátʹ).

Verb

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*swizdeti[1]

  1. to blow

Declension

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Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *swizdū *swizdemam *siswissū *siswoizda
2nd singular *swizdesi *swizdetās *siswissesi *siswoizdas?
3rd singular *swizdeti *swizdeto *siswisseti *siswoizde
1st plural *swizdomosi *swizdemo *siswissomosi *siswoizdmo
2nd plural *swizdetesi *swizdestē *siswissetesi *siswoizsse
3rd plural *swizdonti *swizdento *siswissonti *siswoizdars
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *sweissū ?
2nd singular *sweissesi ? *swizde
3rd singular *sweisseti ? *swizdetou
1st plural *sweissomosi ? *swizdomos
2nd plural *sweissetesi ? *swizdete
3rd plural *sweissonti ? *swizdontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *swizdūr *siswissūr
2nd singular *swizdetar *siswissetar
3rd singular *swizdetor ? *siswissetor
1st plural *swizdommor *siswissommor
2nd plural *swizdedwe *siswissedwe
3rd plural *swizdontor ? *siswissontor
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *sweissūr
2nd singular *sweissetar
3rd singular *sweissetor
1st plural *sweissommor
2nd plural *sweissedwe
3rd plural *sweissontor
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *swissos *swissou *swissoi
vocative *swisse *swissou *swissoi
accusative *swissom *swissou *swissoms
genitive *swissī *swissous *swissom
dative *swissūi *swissobom *swissobos
instrumental *swissū *swissobim *swissobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *swissā *swissai *swissās
vocative *swissā *swissai *swissās
accusative *swissam *swissai *swissams
genitive *swissās *swissous *swissom
dative *swissai *swissābom *swissābos
instrumental *? *swissābim *swissābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *swissom *swissou *swissā
vocative *swissom *swissou *swissā
accusative *swissom *swissou *swissā
genitive *swissī *swissous *swissom
dative *swissūi *swissobom *swissobos
instrumental *swissū *swissobim *swissobis

Descendants

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  • Proto-Brythonic: *hwɨθɨd
    • Breton: c’hwezhañ
    • Cornish: hwytha
    • Welsh: chwythu
  • Old Irish: do·infet

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*swizd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 365