Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/halpa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly, through earlier *šalpa, from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“dirty”). An alternative theory suggests Uralic origin, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šalɜ, in which case the word may be cognate with Eastern Mari шулдо (šuldo).

Adjective

*halpa

1. cheap
2. bad

Inflection

Inflection of *halpa

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*halpa	*halbat
accusative		*halban	*halbat
genitive		*halban	*halpadën *halpoidën
partitive		*halpada	*halpoida
inessive		*halbassa *halbahna	*halboissa *halboihna
elative		*halbasta	*halboista
illative		*halpahën	*halpoihën
adessive		*halballa	*halboilla
ablative		*halbalta	*halboilta
allative		*halpalën *halpalëk	*halpoilën *halpoilëk
essive		*halpana	*halpoina
translative		*halbaksi	*halboiksi
instructive		*halban	*halboin
comitative		*halpanëk	*halpoinëk
abessive		*halbatta	*halboitta

Descendants

• Estonian: halb (“bad”)
  • → Livonian: alu (Salaca)
• Finnish: halpa
• Ingrian: halva
• Võro: halv
• Votic: (Kattila) alpõ
• →? Proto-Germanic: *halbaz (“half”) (see there for further descendants)

References

• “halb”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN