Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hamara
Proto-Finnic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finno-Permic *šamᴈ. Cognate with Erzya чов (čov), човонэ (čovone) and Moksha шов (šov). Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *hamaraz; both directions of loan, from and into Proto-Germanic, have been proposed. Hyllested speculates on an Indo-European source related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀmō but with regular satemization (compare the survival of doublets like Lithuanian akmuõ, ašmuõ). Alternatively, the Finno-Permic/West Uralic could derive from the Pre-West Uralic agricultural substrate.
Noun
edit*hamara[1]
Inflection
editInflection of *hamara
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *hamara | *hamarat | |
accusative | *hamaran | *hamarat | |
genitive | *hamaran | *hamaradën *hamaroidën | |
partitive | *hamarata | *hamaroita | |
inessive | *hamarassa *hamarahna |
*hamaroissa *hamaroihna | |
elative | *hamarasta | *hamaroista | |
illative | *hamarasën | *hamaroisën | |
adessive | *hamaralla | *hamaroilla | |
ablative | *hamaralta | *hamaroilta | |
allative | *hamaralën *hamaralëk |
*hamaroilën *hamaroilëk | |
essive | *hamarana | *hamaroina | |
translative | *hamaraksi | *hamaroiksi | |
instructive | *hamaran | *hamaroin | |
comitative | *hamaranëk | *hamaroinëk | |
abessive | *hamaratta | *hamaroitta |
Descendants
edit- Finnish: hamara
- Ingrian: hamara
- Karelian: hamara
- Livvi: hamar
- Ludian: hamar
- Veps: hamar
- Võro: hamar, hammar
- → Proto-Samic: *šëmērē
- →? Proto-Germanic: *hamaraz
References
edit- Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (Thesis)[2], Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
Categories:
- Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Finnic terms derived from substrate languages
- Proto-Finnic lemmas
- Proto-Finnic nouns
- Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi