Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kackëra

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kačka- (“to bite”) +‎ *-ra.

Adjective

*kackëra

1. bitter

   Synonym: *karkëda, *karvas

Inflection

Inflection of *kackëra

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kackëra	*kackërat
accusative		*kackëran	*kackërat
genitive		*kackëran	*kackëradën *kackëroidën
partitive		*kackërata	*kackëroita
inessive		*kackërassa *kackërahna	*kackëroissa *kackëroihna
elative		*kackërasta	*kackëroista
illative		*kackërasën	*kackëroisën
adessive		*kackëralla	*kackëroilla
ablative		*kackëralta	*kackëroilta
allative		*kackëralën *kackëralëk	*kackëroilën *kackëroilëk
essive		*kackërana	*kackëroina
translative		*kackëraksi	*kackëroiksi
instructive		*kackëran	*kackëroin
comitative		*kackëranëk	*kackëroinëk
abessive		*kackëratta	*kackëroitta

Descendants

• Finnish: katkera
• Ingrian: katkera
• Karelian: katkera, kačkera
• Livvi: kačker

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “katkera”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN