Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from the same root as *kumistak.

Adjective

*kuma

1. shining, gleaming

Noun

*kuma

1. glow, shimmer, glimmer

Declension

Inflection of *kuma

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kuma	*kumat
accusative		*kuman	*kumat
genitive		*kuman	*kumadën *kumëidën
partitive		*kumada	*kumëida
inessive		*kumassa *kumahna	*kumëissa *kumëihna
elative		*kumasta	*kumëista
illative		*kumahën	*kumëihën
adessive		*kumalla	*kumëilla
ablative		*kumalta	*kumëilta
allative		*kumalën *kumalëk	*kumëilën *kumëilëk
essive		*kumana	*kumëina
translative		*kumaksi	*kumëiksi
instructive		*kuman	*kumëin
comitative		*kumanëk	*kumëinëk
abessive		*kumatta	*kumëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kuma
• Finnish: (obsolete) kuma, ⇒ kumottaa, kumea
• Karelian: ⇒
  • North Karelian: kumottua
• Livvi: ⇒ kumottua
• >? Võro: kuma
• Votic: ⇒ kumatõ (Jõgõperä)

Further reading

• “kuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kuma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN