Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/nukkëra

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Sound-symbolic.

Adjective

*nukkëra

1. sad, unhappy, miserable

Inflection

Inflection of *nukkëra

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*nukkëra	*nukkërat
accusative		*nukkëran	*nukkërat
genitive		*nukkëran	*nukkëradën *nukkëroidën
partitive		*nukkërata	*nukkëroita
inessive		*nukkërassa *nukkërahna	*nukkëroissa *nukkëroihna
elative		*nukkërasta	*nukkëroista
illative		*nukkërasën	*nukkëroisën
adessive		*nukkëralla	*nukkëroilla
ablative		*nukkëralta	*nukkëroilta
allative		*nukkëralën *nukkëralëk	*nukkëroilën *nukkëroilëk
essive		*nukkërana	*nukkëroina
translative		*nukkëraksi	*nukkëroiksi
instructive		*nukkëran	*nukkëroin
comitative		*nukkëranëk	*nukkëroinëk
abessive		*nukkëratta	*nukkëroitta

Descendants

• Estonian: nukker
• Livonian: nukkõr (“grumpy, angry”)

From *nuk'ërtadak ("to moan, to complain, to beg"):

• Finnish: (dialectal) nukertaa
• Karelian:
  • South Karelian: nukerdua
• Livvi: nukerdua

Further reading

• “nukker”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “nukertaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN