sad

See also: SAD, säd, sąd, sáð, and сад

Contents

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæd/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

1. (heading) Emotionally negative.
   1. Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.

      She gets sad when he's away.

      • (Can we date this quote?) William Shakespeare

        First were we sad, fearing you would not come; / Now sadder, that you come so unprovided.

      • (Can we date this quote?) John Milton

        The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad.

   2. Appearing sorrowful.

      The puppy had a sad little face.

   3. Causing sorrow; lamentable.

      It's a sad fact that most rapes go unreported.

      • (Can we date this quote?) G. K. Chesterton

        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs are sad.

      • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing and sad.

   4. Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.

      That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.

      • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.127:

        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please […].

   5. Of colours: dark, deep; later, sombre, dull.
      • 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, II.5:

        this is either used crude, and called Sulphur Vive, and is of a sadder colour; or after depuration, such as we have in magdeleons of rolls, of a lighter yellow.

      • (Can we date this quote?) Izaak Walton

        sad-coloured clothes

      • (Can we date this quote?) John Mortimer

        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colours.

2. (obsolete) Sated, having had one's fill; satisfied, weary.
3. (obsolete) Steadfast, valiant.
   • 1485 July 31, Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], (please specify the book number), [London]: […] [by William Caxton], OCLC 71490786; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: Published by David Nutt, […], 1889, OCLC 890162034:

     , Book V:

     And thus they strekyn forth into the stremys, many sadde hunderthes.

4. (obsolete) Dignified, serious, grave.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: Printed [by John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto IX:

     Vprose Sir Guyon, in bright armour clad, / And to his purposd iourney him prepar'd: / With him the Palmer eke in habit sad, / Him selfe addrest to that aduenture hard […]

   • (Can we date this quote?) Francis Bacon

     ripe and sad courage

   • (Can we date this quote?) Lord Berners

     which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both parties

5. (obsolete) Naughty; troublesome; wicked.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Isaac Taylor

     Sad tipsy fellows, both of them.

6. (slang) Unfashionable; socially inadequate or undesirable.

   I can't believe you use drugs; you're so sad!

7. (dialectal) Soggy (to refer to pastries).
8. (obsolete) Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard.

   sad bread

   • (Can we date this quote?) Edmund Spenser

     his hand, more sad than lump of lead

   • (Can we date this quote?) John Mortimer

     Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad.

Synonyms

• (feeling mentally uncomfortable): discomforted, distressed, uncomfortable, unhappy
• (low in spirits): depressed, down in the dumps, glum, melancholy
• (moving, full of feeling): poignant, touching
• (causing sorrow): lamentable
• (poor in quality): pitiful, sorry
• See also Thesaurus:sad
• See also Thesaurus:lamentable

Antonyms

• happy
• cheerful
• gleeful, upbeat
• decent

Derived terms

• sadness
• sadder
• saddest

Related terms

• sadden

Translations

of colours: dark, sombre, dull

• German: trist (de)

feeling sorrow

• Albanian: i mërzitur (sq), i pikëlluar (sq)
• American Sign Language: 5@NearInsideNosehigh-PalmBack-5@NearInsideNosehigh-PalmBack 5@NearInsideNeckhigh-PalmBack-5@NearInsideNeckhigh-PalmBack
• Arabic: حَزِين‎ (ḥazīn), مُؤْسِف‎ (ar) (muʾsif)
• Armenian: տխուր (hy) (txur)
• Azerbaijani: qəmgin (az), kədərli, qəmli (az)
• Basque: goibel, triste
• Belarusian: су́мны (súmny)
• Bengali: দুঃখিত (duḥkhit)
• Bulgarian: тъ̀жен (bg) (tǎ̀žen), печа́лен (bg) (pečálen)
• Burmese: ညှိုးငယ် (my) (hnyui:ngai), ဝမ်းနည်းသော (my) (wam:nany:sau:)
• Catalan: trist (ca) m, trista (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 哀傷 (zh), 哀伤 (zh) (āishāng), 悲傷 (zh), 悲伤 (zh) (bēishāng), 憂傷 (zh), 忧伤 (zh) (yōushāng)

• Czech: smutný (cs)
• Danish: trist
• Dutch: triest (nl), verdrietig (nl)
• Esperanto: malgaja
• Estonian: kurb (et)
• Finnish: surullinen (fi)
• French: triste (fr)
• Friulian: avilît
• Galician: triste (gl)
• Georgian: სევდიანი (sevdiani), დარდიანი (dardiani), მწუხარე (mc̣uxare), ნაღვლიანი (naɣvliani)
• German: traurig (de)
• Greek: λυπημένος (el) (lypiménos), στενοχωρημένος (el) (stenochoriménos)
• Hawaiian: kaumaha
• Hebrew: עָצוּב‎ (atzúv)
• Hindi: उदास (hi) (udās), दुखी (hi) (dukhī)
• Hungarian: szomorú (hu)
• Icelandic: dapur (is)
• Ido: trista (io)
• Indonesian: sedih (id)
• Irish: brónach
• Italian: triste (it)
• Japanese: 悲しい (ja) (かなしい, kanashii)
• Kazakh: қайғылы (qayğılı), көңілсіз (kk) (köñilsiz), мұңайлы (muñaylı)
• Khmer: កន្លេង (km) (kɑnleɛŋ)
• Korean: 슬프다 (ko) (seulpeuda)
• Krymchak: опранмах, бехсун (bekhsun)
• Kyrgyz: кайгылуу (ky) (kaygıluu), капалуу (ky) (kapaluu), муңайынкы (ky) (muñayınkı), муңдуу (ky) (muñduu)
• Lao: ກ່ຳ (kam), ກຳສວນ (kam sūan), ຕອມ (tǭm)
• Latgalian: skumeigs, žāls

• Latin: tristis, maestus (la)
• Latvian: skumjš, bēdīgs
• Lithuanian: liūdnas (lt)
• Luxembourgish: trauereg
• Macedonian: та́жен (tážen)
• Malay: sedih
• Maori: hinapouri
• Mongolian: уйтгартай (ujtgartaj), гунигтай (gunigtaj)
• Ndzwani Comorian: na hamu
• Norwegian: trist, lei seg
• Old English: drēoriġ, ċeariġ
• Pashto: غمجن‎ (ps) (ğamjan), خپه‎ (ps) (xapa), خواشينی‎ (ps) (xwâšinay)
• Persian: غمگین‎ (fa) (ğamgin), دژم‎ (fa) (dožam)
• Polish: smutny (pl)
• Portuguese: triste (pt)
• Quechua: llakisqa
• Romanian: trist (ro), tristă f, abătut (ro) m or n, abătută f
• Russian: гру́стный (ru) (grústnyj), печа́льный (ru) (pečálʹnyj)
• Sanskrit: खिन्न (sa) (khinna)
• Scots: sad, dule
• Scottish Gaelic: brònach, dubhach, gruamach
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: жалостан, тужан

  Roman: žalostan (sh), tužan (sh)

• Slovak: smutný (sk)
• Slovene: žalosten (sl)
• Spanish: triste (es)
• Swedish: ledsen (sv), sorgsen (sv)
• Tagalog: malungkot
• Tajik: ғамгин (tg) (ġamgin)
• Thai: เศร้า (th) (sâo), เศร้าโศก (sâo-sòok)
• Tibetan: སྐྱོ་པོ (skyo po)
• Turkish: üzgün (tr), mutsuz (tr), kaygılı (tr), tasalı (tr), gamlı (tr), mağmum (tr), mahzun (tr), melul (tr)
• Turkmen: gamgyn, gamly (tk), gaýgyly (tk)
• Ukrainian: сму́тний (smútnyj)
• Urdu: اداس‎ (udās), دکھی‎ (dukhī)
• Uzbek: qaygʻuli (uz), gʻamgin
• Vietnamese: buồn (vi), buồn bả, buồn rầu (vi)
• Welsh: trist (cy)
• Yiddish: טרויעריק‎ (troyerik)
• Zazaki: mırozın m, mırozıne f

appearing sorrowful

• Catalan: trist (ca)
• Dutch: triest (nl), verdrietig (nl)
• Finnish: surullinen (fi), surkea (fi)
• Greek: λυπημένος (el) (lypiménos)

• Latvian: bēdīgs
• Pashto: غمجن‎ (ps) (ğamjan), خپه‎ (ps) (xapa), خواشينی‎ (ps) (xwâšinay)
• Turkish: üzgün (tr), melul (tr), mahzun (tr)

causing sorrow, lamentable

• Catalan: trist (ca), lamentable
• Danish: sørgelig, trist
• Dutch: triest (nl)
• Finnish: surullinen (fi)
• French: triste (fr)

• Georgian: საცოდავი (sacodavi), საბრალო (sabralo), საწყალი (sac̣q̇ali)
• Irish: brónach
• Latvian: bēdīgs
• Pashto: غمجن‎ (ps) (ğamjan)
• Turkish: üzücü (tr), acıklı (tr)

poor in quality, deplorable

• Catalan: trist (ca), deplorable (ca)
• Finnish: surkea (fi)

• Latvian: bēdīgs
• Turkish: zavallı (tr)

slang: socially inadequate or undesirable

• Catalan: patètic (ca), trist (ca)

• Finnish: säälittävä (fi)

dialect: soggy — see soggy

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} trishtuar (sq)
• Dutch: droevig, bedroefd, treurig, triest, verdrietig (3, 4)
• Hebrew: עצוב (atzúv)
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} sendu (id), ^{(please verify)} sedih (id)
• Korean: 슬픈 (seulpeun)
• Kurdish: xemgîn, ^{(please verify)} دڵ ته‌نگ‎ (dill teng)

• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} trist (1,2), ^{(please verify)} rørende (3)
• Scottish Gaelic: ^{(please verify)} fo mhulad, ^{(please verify)} fo ghruaim, ^{(please verify)} cianail, ^{(please verify)} dòlasach, ^{(please verify)} truagh, ^{(please verify)} tùrsach, ^{(please verify)} muladach
• Serbo-Croatian: tmuran; žalostan
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} tužan (sh), ^{(please verify)} utučen (sh), ^{(please verify)} sumoran (sh), ^{(please verify)} turoban (sh), ^{(please verify)} tmuran (sh), ^{(please verify)} žalostan (sh)
• Swedish: ^{(please verify)} olycklig (sv) (1,2)
• Telugu: విచారము (vicaaramu), దిగులు (digulu)

Further reading

• sad in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sad in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Etymology 2

Noun

sad (plural sads)

1. Alternative form of saad

Anagrams

• ADS, ADs, ASD, AdS, Ads, DA's, DAS, DAs, DSA, SDA, ads, das

---

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: sad

Adverb

sad

1. (focus) also; too
2. (after a negative) either

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Czech

Etymology

See Russian сад (sad)

Noun

sad m

1. orchard

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	sad	sady
genitive	sadu	sadů
dative	sadu	sadům
accusative	sad	sady
vocative	sade	sady
locative	sadu, sadě	sadech
instrumental	sadem	sady

Derived terms

• sadař m
• sadový

Further reading

• sad in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• sad in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Danish

Verb

sad

1. past tense of sidde

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Gothic

Romanization

sad

1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌰𐌳

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Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) sa'd

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sadek.

Noun

sad

1. precipitiation (hail, rain, snow)

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Lower Sorbian

sad

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ (“plant, garden”). Cognate with Upper Sorbian sad, Polish sad (“orchard”), Czech sad (“orchard”), Russian сад (sad, “orchard, garden”), Old Church Slavonic садъ (sadŭ, “plant, garden”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sat]

Noun

sad m

1. fruit (food)

Declension

Declension of sad

	singular (uncountable)
Nominative	sad
Genitive	sada
Dative	sadoju
Accusative	sad
Instrumental	sadom
Locative	saźe

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).

Adjective

sad (comparative sadoro, superlative sadost)

1. full, sated, satiated
2. weary

Declension

Positive forms of sad

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sad	sade	sad	sade	sad	sadu
accusative	sadana	sade	sad	sade	sada	sadu
genitive	sades	sadarō	sades	sadarō	sadaro	sadarō
dative	sadumu	sadum	sadumu	sadum	sadaro	sadum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sado	sadu	sada	sadu	sada	sadu
accusative	sadun	sadun	sada	sadun	sadun	sadun
genitive	sadun	sadonō	sadun	sadonō	sadun	sadonō
dative	sadun	sadum	sadun	sadum	sadun	sadum

Comparative forms of sad (weak only)

gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sadoro	sadoru	sadora	sadoru	sadora	sadoru
accusative	sadorun	sadorun	sadora	sadorun	sadorun	sadorun
genitive	sadorun	sadoronō	sadorun	sadoronō	sadorun	sadoronō
dative	sadorun	sadorum	sadorun	sadorum	sadorun	sadorum

Superlative forms of sad

Strong declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sadost	sadoste	sadost	sadoste	sadost	sadostu
accusative	sadostana	sadoste	sadost	sadoste	sadosta	sadostu
genitive	sadostes	sadostarō	sadostes	sadostarō	sadostaro	sadostarō
dative	sadostumu	sadostum	sadostumu	sadostum	sadostaro	sadostum
Weak declension
gender	masculine		neuter		feminine
case	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	sadosto	sadostu	sadosta	sadostu	sadosta	sadostu
accusative	sadostun	sadostun	sadosta	sadostun	sadostun	sadostun
genitive	sadostun	sadostonō	sadostun	sadostonō	sadostun	sadostonō
dative	sadostun	sadostum	sadostun	sadostum	sadostun	sadostum

Descendants

• Middle Low German sat

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Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sat/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

sad m inan (diminutive sadek)

1. orchard

Declension

declension of sad

	singular	plural
nominative	sad	sady
genitive	sadu	sadów
dative	sadowi	sadom
accusative	sad	sady
instrumental	sadem	sadami
locative	sadzie	sadach
vocative	sadzie	sady

Related terms

• (noun) sadownik
• (adjective) sadowy

Related terms

• (verb) sadzić

Further reading

• sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Scots

Etymology

From Old English sæd.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑd/

Adjective

sad (comparative sadder, superlative saddest)

1. grave, serious
2. strange, remarkable
3. sad

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sьda, *sьgoda.

Alternative forms

• sȁda

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâd/

Adverb

sȁd (Cyrillic spelling са̏д)

1. now
2. currently
3. presently

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *saditi (“to plant”). Compare Serbo-Croatian saditi and Russian сад (sad)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sâːd/

Noun

sȃd m (Cyrillic spelling са̑д)

1. plantation nursery
2. a young plant from a plantation nursery

Declension

Declension of sad

	singular	plural
nominative	sad	sadovi
genitive	sada	sadova
dative	sadu	sadovima
accusative	sada	sadove
vocative	sadu	sadovi
locative	sadu	sadovima
instrumental	sadem	sadovima

References

• “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “sad” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sad/, IPA^(key): [sat]

Noun

sad m (genitive singular sadu, nominative plural sady, genitive plural sadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. garden, orchard, plantation

Declension

Declension of sad

	singular	plural
nominative	sad	sady
genitive	sadu	sadov
dative	sadu	sadom
accusative	sad	sady
locative	sade	sadoch
instrumental	sadom	sadmi

Derived terms

• sadový
• sadík

References

• sad in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

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Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsáːt/
• Tonal orthography: sȃd

Noun

sád m inan (genitive sadú or sáda, nominative plural sadôvi or sádi)

1. fruit

Declension

Declension of sád (masculine inan., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sád	sadôva	sadôvi
accusative	sád	sadôva	sadôve
genitive	sadú	sadôv	sadôv
dative	sádu	sadôvoma	sadôvom
locative	sádu	sadôvih	sadôvih
instrumental	sádom	sadôvoma	sadôvi

Declension of sád (masculine inan., hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	sád	sáda	sádi
accusative	sád	sáda	sáde
genitive	sáda	sádov	sádov
dative	sádu	sádoma	sádom
locative	sádu	sádih	sádih
instrumental	sádom	sádoma	sádi

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Wakhi

Etymology

Compare Tajik сад (sad).

Numeral

sad

1. hundred