Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sapa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *stabara- (whence Lithuanian stabaras (“dried branch”) and Latvian stebere (“cow's tail”)).

Noun

*sapa

1. tail (of an animal)

   Synonym: *häntä

Inflection

Inflection of *sapa

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*sapa	*sabat
accusative		*saban	*sabat
genitive		*saban	*sapadën *sapoidën
partitive		*sapada	*sapoida
inessive		*sabassa *sabahna	*saboissa *saboihna
elative		*sabasta	*saboista
illative		*sapahën	*sapoihën
adessive		*saballa	*saboilla
ablative		*sabalta	*saboilta
allative		*sapalën *sapalëk	*sapoilën *sapoilëk
essive		*sapana	*sapoina
translative		*sabaksi	*saboiksi
instructive		*saban	*saboin
comitative		*sapanëk	*sapoinëk
abessive		*sabatta	*saboitta

Descendants

From *sapa:

• Estonian: saba
• Finnish: (dialectal) sapa

From *sapara/o:

• Finnish: saparo
• Ingrian: sapara
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: sapero, saparo
  • South Karelian: sabero, sabaro

From *tapara:

• Livonian: tabār

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sapa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN