Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ankulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *ankilaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“joint; to bend”) +‎ *-ulaz.

Noun

*ankulaz m

1. ankle

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *ankulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*ankulaz	*ankulōz, *ankulōs
vocative	*ankul	*ankulōz, *ankulōs
accusative	*ankulą	*ankulanz
genitive	*ankulas, *ankulis	*ankulǫ̂
dative	*ankulai	*ankulamaz
instrumental	*ankulō	*ankulamiz

Related terms

• *ankijǭ

Descendants

Several of these descendants may have been modified through folk etymology, in which the word was analysed as "on-claw", *ana (“on”) + *klawō (“claw”). An alternative explanation is that they are compounds of *ankulaz with *klawō, or similar terms that were confused with them.

• Proto-West Germanic: *ankul, *ankil
  • Old English: *ancol, *ancel, anclēo, anclēow
    • Middle English: ankel, ankyll, ancle, ankne, anknee
      • English: ankle
      • Scots: ankleth, anklet (fusion of Middle English ancle and lith)
  • Old Frisian: onkel, anckel, inzil, onklef
    • North Frisian: onkel
    • Saterland Frisian: Onkel, Oankel n
    • West Frisian: ankel
  • Old Saxon: enkel, ankel
    • Middle Low German: ankel, enkel, anclef, antcleve, antclau n
      • German Low German: Enkel
      • Low German: Enkel
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: ankel
      • → Swedish: ankel
      • → Danish: ankel
      • → Gutnish: ankel, ankul, ankål
  • Old Dutch: *enklow, *enkle, *ankel
    • Middle Dutch: enkel, ankel, inkel, enklauw, enclau, anclief, inclouwe
      • Dutch: enkel, enklauw
        • Afrikaans: enkel
  • Old High German: enkil; ankala f; anchlāo n
    • Middle High German: enkel
      • German: Enkel
• Old Norse: ǫkkla, ǫkla f, ǫkli m
  • Icelandic: ökla, ökli, ökkli
  • Faroese: økil, økul