Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dankwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʷ-o-, *dʰ(e/o)ngʷ-(o)-i-; according to Pokorny, from *dʰewh₂- (“mist, smoke, haze”). Related to Hittite 𒁕𒀭𒆪𒄿 (da-an-ku-i, “dark, black, murky”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdɑŋ.kʷɑz/

Adjective

*dankwaz

dark

Inflection

Declension of *dankwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dankwaz	*dankwai	*dankwō	*dankwôz	*dankwą, -atō	*dankwō
Accusative	*dankwanǭ	*dankwanz	*dankwǭ	*dankwōz	*dankwą, -atō	*dankwō
Genitive	*dankwas, -is	*dankwaizǫ̂	*dankwaizōz	*dankwaizǫ̂	*dankwas, -is	*dankwaizǫ̂
Dative	*dankwammai	*dankwaimaz	*dankwaizōi	*dankwaimaz	*dankwammai	*dankwaimaz
Instrumental	*dankwanō	*dankwaimiz	*dankwaizō	*dankwaimiz	*dankwanō	*dankwaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dankwô	*dankwaniz	*dankwǭ	*dankwōniz	*dankwô	*dankwōnō
Accusative	*dankwanų	*dankwanunz	*dankwōnų	*dankwōnunz	*dankwô	*dankwōnō
Genitive	*dankwiniz	*dankwanǫ̂	*dankwōniz	*dankwōnǫ̂	*dankwiniz	*dankwanǫ̂
Dative	*dankwini	*dankwammaz	*dankwōni	*dankwōmaz	*dankwini	*dankwammaz
Instrumental	*dankwinē	*dankwammiz	*dankwōnē	*dankwōmiz	*dankwinē	*dankwammiz

Derived terms

*dankwijaną

Related terms

*dinkwaz

Descendants

Old Frisian: diunk (< *dinkwaz)
Old Norse: døkkr, dǫkkr
- Icelandic: dökkur
- Faroese: døkkur
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: døkk, dokk
  - Norwegian: dunken (dialectal)
- → Middle English: dank
  - Scots: donk, dunk
  - English: dank