Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrifilingaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from *hreflōną (“to sew, mend”) +‎ *-ilingaz.^[1] Alternatively, from *hrefaz (“womb, belly, body”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxri.ɸi.liŋ.ɡɑz/

Noun

*hrifilingaz m^[1]

shoe
Synonym: *skōhaz

Coordinate term: *sukkaz (“sock”)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hrifilingaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrifilingaz	hrifilingōz, hrifilingōs
vocative	*hrifiling	hrifilingōz, hrifilingōs
accusative	*hrifilingą	*hrifilinganz
genitive	hrifilingas, hrifilingis	*hrifilingǫ̂
dative	*hrifilingai	*hrifilingamaz
instrumental	*hrifilingō	*hrifilingamiz

Alternative reconstructions

*hrefalingaz^[2]
*hrefilingaz^[1]

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrifiling
- Old English: hrifeling
  - Middle English: riveling, reviling
    - English: riveling, rullion
Old Norse: hriflingr

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrefilinga-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrefaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “*xrefalinʒaz”

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hrefilinga-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244

[Orel-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrefaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “*xrefalinʒaz”

[1]

[2]