Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krampô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).

Noun

*krampô m

cramp
clasp

Inflection

Declension of *krampô (an-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*krampô	*krampaniz
Vocative	*krampô	*krampaniz
Accusative	*krampanų	*krampanunz
Genitive	*krampiniz	*krampanǫ̂
Dative	*krampini	*krampammaz
Instrumental	*krampinē	*krampammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *krampō
- Old Frisian: *kramp, *kromp
  - Saterland Frisian: Kroamp
  - West Frisian: kramp
- Old Saxon: krampo
  - Middle Low German: krampe
    - German Low German: Kramp
    - → Danish: krampe
    - → Swedish: kramp
      - → Finnish: kramppi
    - → Norwegian: krampe
    - → Icelandic: krampa
    - → German: Krampe
- Old Dutch: *krampa
  - Middle Dutch: crampe
    - Dutch: kramp
      - Afrikaans: kramp
    - → Middle English: crampe, crompe (“metal bar”)
      - English: cramp
- → Old French: cranpe, crampe
  - Middle French: crampe
    - French: crampe
  - → Middle English: crampe, craumpe (“spasm”)
    - Scots: cramp
    - English: cramp
  - → Medieval Latin: crampa
    - → Italian: crampo
    - → Venetian: sgranfo
  - → Galician: grampa
- Old High German: krampfo, krampho, chrampho; chramph
  - Middle High German: cramph, kramph
    - German: Krampf
    - Luxembourgish: Kramp
- Lombard: ranf
Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍀𐌰 (krampa)
- → Galician: cambra
- → Portuguese: cãibra, câimbra
- → Spanish: calambre