Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtru.mɑz/

Etymology 1

Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”).

Noun

*trumaz m

1. root (of a plant)

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *trumaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*trumaz	*trumōz, *trumōs
vocative	*trum	*trumōz, *trumōs
accusative	*trumą	*trumanz
genitive	*trumas, *trumis	*trumǫ̂
dative	*trumai	*trumamaz
instrumental	*trumō	*trumamiz

Descendants

• Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma (< *trumô)

Etymology 2

Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.

Adjective

*trumaz

1. firm, strong

Inflection

Declension of *trumaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*trumaz	*trumai	*trumō	*trumôz	*trumą, -atō	*trumō
Accusative	*trumanǭ	*trumanz	*trumǭ	*trumōz	*trumą, -atō	*trumō
Genitive	*trumas, -is	*trumaizǫ̂	*trumaizōz	*trumaizǫ̂	*trumas, -is	*trumaizǫ̂
Dative	*trumammai	*trumaimaz	*trumaizōi	*trumaimaz	*trumammai	*trumaimaz
Instrumental	*trumanō	*trumaimiz	*trumaizō	*trumaimiz	*trumanō	*trumaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*trumô	*trumaniz	*trumǭ	*trumōniz	*trumô	*trumōnō
Accusative	*trumanų	*trumanunz	*trumōnų	*trumōnunz	*trumô	*trumōnō
Genitive	*truminiz	*trumanǫ̂	*trumōniz	*trumōnǫ̂	*truminiz	*trumanǫ̂
Dative	*trumini	*trumammaz	*trumōni	*trumōmaz	*trumini	*trumammaz
Instrumental	*truminē	*trumammiz	*trumōnē	*trumōmiz	*truminē	*trumammiz

Derived terms

• *trumiþō
• *trumjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *trum
  • Old English: trum
    • Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)
      • Scots: trim
      • English: trim

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN