Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/mbrəuˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016)^[1] reconstructs *m.rˠ- as the initial.

Etymology

Compare Kra-Dai^[2]: Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ; Old Chinese 鯉 'carp'. However, Ostapirat (2016) does not consider the Hmong-Mien and Kra-Dai forms to be related, since the initials (Kra-Dai *pl- vs. Hmong-Mien *m.rˠ-) and tones do not correspond. Ostapirat (2016) instead considers the Hmong-Mien form to correspond with 鯉 (OC *mə-rəʔ).^[1]

Noun

*mbrəuˣ

fish

Descendants

Hmongic^[3]
- Pa Hng
  - Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: njo¹¹
  - Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: mpjo¹¹
- North Hmongic
  - West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵mʐɯ²²
  - East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: mɯ⁵⁵
- East Hmongic
  - North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: zɛ¹¹
  - East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: njei²¹²
  - South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ȵei²⁴¹
  - West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: mei²¹
- Sheic
  - Younuo 优诺: mui³²
  - Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: mpja³¹
  - Bana 巴那: bja³¹
  - She - Xiashuicun 下水村: pja⁵³
- West Hmongic
  - Bunu
    - Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: mpje²³¹
    - Nunu - Xishan 西山: pja⁴⁴
    - Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: mpjei⁵³
  - Core
    - East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵mbji⁵⁵
    - West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²mbji⁵⁵
    - Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: mplɛ³¹
    - Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: mpʐe¹¹
    - A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: mbə³³
    - Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ntʂe²¹
Mienic^[4]
- Mien
  - Guangdian (Jiangdi): bjau²³¹
  - Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): bau²³²
- Kim Mun
  - Diangui (Liangzi): bjau³²
  - Fanghai (Tansan): bjau³¹
- Biao Mon
  - Changping: blau¹²¹
  - Luoxiang: bjau²¹³
- Biao Min
  - Dongshan: bla⁴²
  - Shikou: plɔu³¹
  - Niuweizhai: pʰɣau⁴³³
- Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴biu⁴⁴

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
^ Kosaka, Ryuichi (2002) “On the affiliation of Miao-Yao and Kadai: Can we posit the Miao-Dai family?”, in The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal‎^[2], volume 32, pages 71-100
^ Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
^ Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)

Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.

[Ostapirat_2016-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎^[1], volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145

[Kosaka_2002-2] Kosaka, Ryuichi (2002) “On the affiliation of Miao-Yao and Kadai: Can we posit the Miao-Dai family?”, in The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal‎^[2], volume 32, pages 71-100

[3] Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN

[4] Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)

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