Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱweyt-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*ḱweyt-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to shine

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱweyt-‎ (14 c, 0 e)

*ḱwéyt-t ~ *ḱwit-ént (root aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćwaytˢt ~ *Háćwitan^[4]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśwayt ~ *Háświtan
    - Sanskrit: अश्वितन् (áśvitan, “to become bright, white”)
*ḱwéyt-ti ~ *ḱwit-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śweistei
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śweisas
    - Lithuanian: šviesa (“light”)
*ḱwḗyt-ti ~ *ḱwéyt-n̥ti (Narten-type athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwēistei
  - Lithuanian: šviẽsti (“to shine”)
*ḱwéy-né-t-ti ~ *ḱwi-n-t-énti (nasal infix)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwístei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwaynátˢti ~ *ćwintánti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwaynátti ~ *świntánti
    - Sanskrit: श्विन्दते (śvindate, “to shine”)
*ḱwéyt-e-tor
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáytatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwáytatay
    - Sanskrit: श्वेतते (śvetate, “to shine, be white”)
*ḱwit-éh₁(ye)-ti ~ *ḱwit-е́h₁(ye)-n̥ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)^[1]^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *świtḗˀtei^[5] (see there for further descendants)
*ḱweyt-ó-s (“white”)^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kweitás (analogical k-?)
  - Lithuanian: kvietys, kvieši (“wheat”) (or borrowed from Old Norse^[8] or Gothic^[9])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwaytás (see there for further descendants)
*ḱweyt-ōr ~ ḱwit-nós?^[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *hwītaz, *hwittaz (see there for further descendants) (Kroonen assumes Kluge's law in the genitive singular)
  - ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hwaitijaz (“wheat”) (or < *ḱweyd-) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱwoyt-ó-s^[11]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwaitas^[12]
  - Proto-Slavic: *světъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwaitī́ˀtei
  - Lithuanian: švaitýti
  - Proto-Slavic: *světiti (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwaitas^[11] (or perhaps from a separate root *kweyt- (“to shine, gleam; to bloom”)^[2])
  - Proto-Slavic: *květъ (“flower”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱwit-ró-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwitrás (see there for further descendants)

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑ṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*k̑uei-t-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 628-629
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvet”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “švitėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvetá”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch‎^[1], volumes I–II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
^ Balaišis, Vytautas (1994) “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎^[2] (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, →DOI
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwīta- ~ *hwitta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvě̑tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 259-258
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*světъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 476

[LIV_k̑ueit-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑ṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340

[LIV_kueit-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375

[IEW-3] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*k̑uei-t-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 628-629

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvet”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[EDBIL_sviteti-5] Derksen, Rick (2015) “švitėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456

[6] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell

[7] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvetá”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[8] Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch‎^[1], volumes I–II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

[9] Balaišis, Vytautas (1994) “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎^[2] (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, →DOI

[EDPG-10] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwīta- ~ *hwitta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267

[EDSIL_kvetъ-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvě̑tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 259-258

[EDSIL_svetъ-12] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*světъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 476

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