Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Contents

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Originally the suffix forming the perfect active participle.

Suffix

*(Ø)-wós

1. Creates adjectives from verb stems.

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*-wós	*-wéh₂
genitive	*-wósyo	*-wéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-wós	*-wóh₁	*-wóes
vocative	*-wé	*-wóh₁	*-wóes
accusative	*-wóm	*-wóh₁	*-wóms
genitive	*-wósyo	*?	*-wóoHom
ablative	*-wéad	*?	*-wómos
dative	*-wóey	*?	*-wómos
locative	*-wéy, *-wóy	*?	*-wóysu
instrumental	*-wóh₁	*?	*-wṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-wéh₂	*-wéh₂h₁(e)	*-wéh₂es
vocative	*-wéh₂	*-wéh₂h₁(e)	*-wéh₂es
accusative	*-wā́m	*-wéh₂h₁(e)	*-wéh₂m̥s
genitive	*-wéh₂s	*?	*-wéh₂oHom
ablative	*-wéh₂s	*?	*-wéh₂mos
dative	*-wéh₂ey	*?	*-wéh₂mos
locative	*-wéh₂, *-wéh₂i	*?	*-wéh₂su
instrumental	*-wéh₂h₁	*?	*-wéh₂bʰi
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-wóm	*-wóy(h₁)	*-wéh₂
vocative	*-wóm	*-wóy(h₁)	*-wéh₂
accusative	*-wóm	*-wóy(h₁)	*-wéh₂
genitive	*-wósyo	*?	*-wóoHom
ablative	*-wéad	*?	*-wómos
dative	*-wóey	*?	*-wómos
locative	*-wéy, *-wóy	*?	*-wóysu
instrumental	*-wóh₁	*?	*-wṓys

Descendants

• Balto-Slavic: *-was
  • Slavic: *-vъ
• Germanic: *-waz
• Celtic: *-wos
• Hellenic: *-wós
  • Ancient Greek: -ός (-ós)
• Indo-Iranian: *-wás
  • Indo-Aryan: *-wás
    • Sanskrit: -व (-vá)
  • Iranian: *-wáh
    • Avestan: -‏𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (-‏uua)
• Italic: *-wos
  • Latin: forms the perfect and pluperfect active verb stems
    • (adjectives formed from rare perfect active participles) -vus, -uus
    • -īvus

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wós not found