Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wōs

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From **-woss (stem + nominative *-s). It was added to the zero-grade form of the perfect stem of a verb.

Suffix

*Cé-(Ø)-wōs

1. Forms perfect participles from verbs.

Declension

Athematic, amphikinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*Cé-(∅)-wōs	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂
genitive	*Cé-(∅)-usos	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Cé-(∅)-wōs	*Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-woses
vocative	*Cé-(∅)-wos	*Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-woses
accusative	*Cé-(∅)-wosm̥	*Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-wosm̥s
genitive	*Cé-(∅)-usos	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usoHom
ablative	*Cé-(∅)-usos	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos
dative	*Cé-(∅)-usey	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos
locative	*Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usu
instrumental	*Cé-(∅)-ush₁	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmis, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂es
vocative	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂es
accusative	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e)	*Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥s
genitive	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s	*?	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂oHom
ablative	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s	*?	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰos
dative	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂ey	*?	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰos
locative	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂i	*?	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂su
instrumental	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂h₁	*?	*Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mis, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Cé-(∅)-wos	*Cé-(∅)-wosih₁	*Cé-(∅)-wōs
vocative	*Cé-(∅)-wos	*Cé-(∅)-wosih₁	*Cé-(∅)-wōs
accusative	*Cé-(∅)-wos	*Cé-(∅)-wosih₁	*Cé-(∅)-wōs
genitive	*Cé-(∅)-usos	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usoHom
ablative	*Cé-(∅)-usos	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos
dative	*Cé-(∅)-usey	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos
locative	*Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usu
instrumental	*Cé-(∅)-ush₁	*?	*Cé-(∅)-usmis, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰis

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wōs not found

• *bʰe-bʰr-usih₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *bērusjaz (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Lithuanian: -us (past half-participle)
  • Lithuanian: [Term?] (past active participle)
  • Proto-Slavic: *-vъ (past active participle)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs
  • Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs) (with innovated t-stem)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: -वांस् (-vāṃs)
  • Proto-Iranian:
    • Avestan: -𐬎𐬱 (-uš)
• Proto-Italic: *-wōs (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian:
  • Tocharian B: -u

See also

• *-onts
• *-mh₁nos

References

• Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell