Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ānáHti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *ȷ́n̥náHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

Verb

*ȷ́ānáHti

1. to know

Inflection

    Nonfinite forms of *ȷ́ānáHti

Infinitive	*ȷ́náHtum
Gerund	*ȷ́naHtwáH
Past passive participle	*ȷ́naHtás
Future passive participle	*ȷ́náyHyas

    Present forms of *ȷ́ānáHti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*ȷ́ānáHmi	*ȷ́ānHwás	*ȷ́ānHmás	*ȷ́ānHáy	*ȷ́ānHwádʰHay	*ȷ́ānHmádʰHay	*ȷ́naHyáy	*ȷ́naHyáHwadʰHay	*ȷ́naHyáHmadʰHay
2nd	*ȷ́ānáHsi	*ȷ́ānHtʰás	*ȷ́ānHtʰá	*ȷ́ānHšáy	*ȷ́ānáHtʰay	*ȷ́ānHdʰHwáy	*ȷ́naHyásay	*ȷ́naHyáytʰay	*ȷ́naHyádʰHway
3rd	*ȷ́ānáHti	*ȷ́ānHtás	*ȷ́ānHánti	*ȷ́ānHtáy	*ȷ́ānáHtay	*ȷ́ānHatáy	*ȷ́naHyátay	*ȷ́naHyáytay	*ȷ́naHyántay
Imperative
1st	*ȷ́ānáHni	*ȷ́ānáHwa	*ȷ́ānáHma	*ȷ́ānáHy	*ȷ́ānáHwadʰHaHy	*ȷ́ānáHmadʰHaHy	*ȷ́naHyáHy	*ȷ́naHyáHwadʰHaHy	*ȷ́naHyáHmadʰHaHy
2nd	*ȷ́ānHdʰí	*ȷ́ānHtám	*ȷ́ānHtá	*ȷ́ānHšwá	*ȷ́ānáHtʰām	*ȷ́ānHdʰHwám	*ȷ́naHyáswa	*ȷ́naHyáytʰām	*ȷ́naHyádʰHwam
3rd	*ȷ́ānáHtu	*ȷ́ānHtā́m	*ȷ́ānHántu	*ȷ́ānHtā́m	*ȷ́ānáHtām	*ȷ́ānHatám	*ȷ́naHyátām	*ȷ́naHyáytām	*ȷ́naHyántam
Optative
1st	*ȷ́ānHyáHm	*ȷ́ānHyáHwa	*ȷ́ānHyáHmas	*ȷ́ānHiHá	*ȷ́ānHiHwádʰHi	*ȷ́ānHiHmádʰHi	*ȷ́naHyáyHa	*ȷ́naHyáywadʰHi	*ȷ́naHyáymadʰHi
2nd	*ȷ́ānHyáHs	*ȷ́ānHyáHtam	*ȷ́ānHyáHta	*ȷ́ānHiHtʰā́s	*ȷ́ānHiHā́tʰām	*ȷ́ānHiHdʰHwám	*ȷ́naHyáytʰās	*ȷ́naHyáyHātʰām	*ȷ́naHyáydʰHwam
3rd	*ȷ́ānHyáHt	*ȷ́ānHyáHtām	*ȷ́ānHyunt	*ȷ́ānHiHtá	*ȷ́ānHiHā́tām	*ȷ́ānHiHránt	*ȷ́naHyáyta	*ȷ́naHyáyHātām	*ȷ́naHyáyrant
Participles	*ȷ́ānánt			*ȷ́ānaHnás			*ȷ́naHyámHnas

    Imperfect forms of *ȷ́ānáHti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*aȷ́ānáHm	*aȷ́ānHwá	*aȷ́ānHmá	*aȷ́ānHí	*aȷ́ānHwádʰHi	*aȷ́ānHmádʰHi	*aȷ́naHyáy	*aȷ́naHyáHwadʰHi	*aȷ́naHyámadʰHi
2nd	*aȷ́ānáHs	*aȷ́ānHtám	*aȷ́ānHtá	*aȷ́ānHtʰás	*aȷ́ānáHtʰām	*aȷ́ānHdʰHwám	*aȷ́naHyátʰās	*aȷ́naHyáytʰām	*aȷ́naHyádʰHwam
3rd	*aȷ́ānáHt	*aȷ́ānHtā́m	*aȷ́ānHánt	*aȷ́ānHtá	*aȷ́ānáHtām	*aȷ́ānHatá	*aȷ́naHyáta	*aȷ́naHyáytām	*aȷ́naHyánta

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ānáHti
  • Sanskrit: जानाति (jānā́ti) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Iranian: *jānáHti
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zānaⁱti)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: زانگ (zánag)
    • Northern Kurdish: zanîn
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 (xšnāsātiy)
      • Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭭𐭠𐭧𐭲𐭭 (šnāxtan), [script needed] (dānestan)
        • Persian: شناختن (šenâxtan), دانستن (dānestan)
      • Lurish:

        Northern Luri: دۏنسن (dönesen)

        Bakhtiari: دۊنستن (dunesten)

        Southern Luri: دۊنستن (dunesten)

• Proto-Nuristani: *jānā́ti
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: źaňë́-

      Kativiri: zařé-

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jānā́ti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press