Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hsáns

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts.

Participle

*Hsáns

1. present active participle of *Hásti

Adjective

*Hsáns

1. real, true
2. good

Derived terms

• *Hsátˢtaras (“better”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hhástarah
    • Khotanese: 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀭 (hastara, “better”)
• *Hsatˢtamás (“best, chief, most capable”)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hsattamás
    • Sanskrit: सत्तम (sattamá, “best, chief”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hhastamah
    • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (hastəma, “most capable”)
    • Khotanese: 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀫 (hastama, “best”)
• *HsatíH f
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HsatíH
    • Sanskrit: सती (satī́)
  • Proto-Iranian: *HhatíH
    • Avestan:

      Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬍𐬙𐬍 (haītī)

      Younger Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haⁱtī)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hsáns
  • Sanskrit: सन्त् (sánt), सन् (sán, nom.sg.)
• Proto-Iranian: *Hháns
  • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬧𐬙 (haṇt), 𐬵𐬄𐬯 (hąs, nom.sg.)
• ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *-sãtaká (adjectival/nominal suffix)
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: -stë

      Kativiri: -stë

  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: -stë
    • Waigali: -stë

References

• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “sánt-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University